Proposed Regulatory Text
In consideration of the foregoing, NHTSA proposes to amend 49 CFR Chapter V as follows: PART 571-FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDS 1. The authority citation for Part 571 of Title 49 would continue to read as follows: Authority: 49 U.S.C. 322, 30111, 30115, 30117, and 30166; delegation of authority at 49 CFR 1.50. 2. Section 571.208 would be amended by revising S3, S4.5.1 introductory text, and S4.5.4, adding S6.6 through S6.7, revising S8.1.5 and S13, and adding S14 through S30.2.4, to read as follows: §571.208 Standard No. 208; Occupant crash protection. * * * * * S3. Application. (a) This standard applies to passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, and buses. In addition, S9, Pressure vessels and explosive devices, applies to vessels designed to contain a pressurized fluid or gas, and to explosive devices, for use in the above types of motor vehicles as part of a system designed to provide protection to occupants in the event of a crash. (b) Notwithstanding any language to the contrary, any vehicle manufactured after March 19, 1997 and before September 1, 2005 that is subject to a dynamic crash test requirement conducted with unbelted dummies may meet the requirements specified in S13 instead of the applicable unbelted requirement, unless the vehicle is certified to meet the requirements specified in S15, S17, S19, S21, S23, and S25. (c) For vehicles which are certified to meet the requirements specified in S13 instead of the otherwise applicable dynamic crash test requirement conducted with unbelted dummies, compliance with S13 shall, for purposes of Standards No. 201, 203 and 209, be deemed as compliance with the unbelted frontal barrier requirements of S5.1 of this section. (d) Wherever tolerances are specified, requirements shall be met at all values within the tolerances. * * * * * S4.5.1 Labeling and owner's manual information. The labels specified in S4.5.1 (b), (c), and (e) of this standard are not required for vehicles that have a passenger side air bag meeting the criteria specified in S4.5.5 of this standard or which are certified to the requirements specified in S15, S17, S19, S21, S23, and S25 of this standard. * * * * * S4.5.4 Passenger Air Bag Manual Cut-off Device. Passenger cars, trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles manufactured before September 1, 2005 and not certified to meet the requirements specified in S15, S17, S19, S21, S23, and S25 may be equipped with a device that deactivates the air bag installed at the right front passenger position in the vehicle, if all the conditions in S4.5.4.1 through S4.5.4.4 are satisfied. * * * * * [Proposed Alternative One--Chest includes existing requirements for chest acceleration (S6.3) and chest deflection (S6.4) plus Combined Thoracic Index (proposed S6.6); Proposed Alternative Two--Chest includes existing requirements for chest acceleration and chest deflection] S6.6 (This only applies to vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2005 and to vehicles manufactured before that time which are certified to the requirements specified in S15, S17, S19, S21, S23, and S25 of this standard.) Combined Thoracic Index (CTI) shall not exceed 1.0. The equation for calculating the CTI criterion is given by CTI = (Amax / Aint) + (Dmax / Dint) where Aint and Dint are intercept values defined as Aint = 85 g's for spine acceleration intercept, and Dint = 102 mm (4.0 in.) for sternal deflection intercept. Calculation of CTI requires measurement of upper spine triaxial acceleration filtered at SAE class 180 and sternal deflection filtered at SAE class 600. From the measured data, a 3-msec clip maximum value of the resultant spine acceleration (Amax) and the maximum chest deflection (Dmax) shall be determined. S6.7 [Proposed Alternative One--Neck] The biomechanical neck injury predictor, Nij, shall not exceed a value of [the agency is considering values of 1.4 and 1.0] at any point in time. The following procedure shall be used to compute Nij. The axial force (Fz) and flexion/extension moment about the occipital condyles (My) shall be used to calculate four combined injury predictors, collectively referred to as Nij. These four combined values represent the probability of sustaining each of four primary types of cervical injuries; namely tension-extension (NTE), tension-flexion (NTF), compression-extension (NCE), and compression-flexion (NCF) injuries. Axial force shall be filtered at SAE class 1000 and flexion/extension moment (My) shall be filtered at SAE class 600. Shear force, which shall be filtered at SAE class 600, is used only in conjunction with the measured moment to calculate the effective moment at the location of the occipital condyles. The equation for calculating the Nij criteria is given by Nij = (Fz / Fzc) + (My / Myc) where Fzc and Myc are critical values corresponding to: Fzc = 3600 N (809 lbf) for tension Fzc = 3600 N (809 lbf) for compression Myc = 410 Nm (302 lbf-ft) for flexion about occipital condyles Myc = 125 Nm (92 lbf-ft) for extension about occipital condyles Each of the four Nij values shall be calculated at each point in time, and all four values shall not exceed [the agency is considering values of 1.4 and 1.0] at any point in time. When calculating NTE and NTF, all compressive loads shall be set to zero. Similarly, when calculating NCE and NCF, all tensile loads shall be set to zero. In a similar fashion, when calculating NTE and NCE, all flexion moments shall be set to zero. Likewise, when calculating NTF and NCF, all extension moments shall be set to zero. [Proposed Alternative Two--Neck] Neck injury criteria. Using the six axis upper neck load cell (ref. Denton drawing C-1709) that is mounted between the bottom of the skull and the top of the neck as shown in drawing 78051-218, the peak forces and moments measured at the occipital condyles shall not exceed: Axial Tension = 3300 N (742 lbf) Axial Compression = 4000 N (899 lbf) Fore-and-Aft Shear = 3100 N (697 lbf) Flexion Bending Moment = 190 Nm (140 lbf-ft) Extension Bending Moment = 57 Nm (42 lbf-ft) SAE Class 1000 shall be used to filter the axial tension, axial compression, and fore-and-aft shear. SAE Class 600 shall be used to filter the measured moment and fore-and-aft shear used to compute the flexion bending moment and extension bending moment at the occipital condyles. * * * * * S8.1.5 Movable vehicle windows and vents are placed in the fully closed position, unless the vehicle manufacturer chooses to specify a different adjustment position. * * * * * S13 Alternative unbelted test available, under S3(b) of this standard, for certain vehicles manufactured before September 1, 2005. * * * * * S14 Advanced air bag requirements for passenger cars and for trucks, buses, and multipurpose passenger vehicles with a GVWR of 3,855 kg (8500 pounds) or less and an unloaded vehicle weight of 2,495 kg (5500 pounds) or less, except for walk-in van-type trucks or vehicles designed to be sold exclusively to the U.S. Postal Service. S14.1 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2002 and before September 1, 2005. (a) For vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2002 and before September 1, 2005, a percentage of the manufacturer's production, as specified in S14.1.1, shall meet the requirements specified in S15, S17, S19, S21, S23, and S25 (in addition to the other requirements specified in this standard). Where manufacturer options are specified, the manufacturer shall select the option by the time it certifies the vehicle and may not thereafter select a different option for the vehicle. (b) Manufacturers which manufacture two or fewer carlines, as that term is defined at 49 CFR 583.4, may, at the option of the manufacturer, meet the requirements of this paragraph instead of paragraph (a) of this section. Each vehicle manufactured on or after September 1, 2003 and before September 1, 2005 shall meet the requirements specified in S15, S17, S19, S21, S23, and S25 (in addition to the other requirements specified in this standard). Where manufacturer options are specified, the manufacturer shall select the option by the time it certifies the vehicle and may not thereafter select a different option for the vehicle. (c) Each vehicle that is manufactured in two or more stages or that is altered (within the meaning of § 567.7 of this chapter) after having previously been certified in accordance with part 567 of this chapter is not subject to the requirements of S14.1. S14.1.1 Phase-in Schedule. S14.1.1.1 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2002 and before September 1, 2003. Subject to S14.1.2(a), for vehicles manufactured by a manufacturer on or after September 1, 2002 and before September 1, 2003, the amount of vehicles complying with S15, S17, S19, S21, S23 and S25 shall be not less than 25 percent of: (a) The manufacturer's average annual production of vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2000 and before September 1, 2003, or (b) The manufacturer's production on or after September 1, 2002 and before September 1, 2003. S14.1.1.2 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2003 and before September 1, 2004. Subject to S14.1.2(b), for vehicles manufactured by a manufacturer on or after September 1, 2003 and before September 1, 2004, the amount of vehicles complying with S15, S17, S19, S21, S23 and S25 shall be not less than 40 percent of: (a) The manufacturer's average annual production of vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2001 and before September 1, 2004, or (b) The manufacturer's production on or after September 1, 2003 and before September 1, 2004. S14.1.1.3 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2004 and before September 1, 2005. Subject to S14.1.2(c), for vehicles manufactured by a manufacturer on or after September 1, 2004 and before September 1, 2005, the amount of vehicles complying with S15, S17, S19, S21, S23 and S25 shall be not less than 70 percent of: (a) The manufacturer's average annual production of vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2002 and before September 1, 2005, or (b) The manufacturer's production on or after September 1, 2004 and before September 1, 2005. S14.1.2 Calculation of complying vehicles. (a) For the purposes of complying with S14.1.1.1, a manufacturer may count a vehicle it if is manufactured on or after [the date 30 days after publication of the final rule would be inserted], but before September 1, 2003. (b) For purposes of complying with S14.1.1.2, a manufacturer may count a vehicle if it: (1) Is manufactured on or after [the date 30 days after publication of the final rule would be inserted], but before September 1, 2004, and (2) Is not counted toward compliance with S14.1.1.1. (c) For purposes of complying with S14.1.1.3, a manufacturer may count a vehicle if it: (1) Is manufactured on or after [the date 30 days after publication of the final rule would be inserted], but before September 1, 2005, and (2) Is not counted toward compliance with S14.1.1.1 or S14.1.1.2. S14.1.3 Vehicles produced by more than one manufacturer. S14.1.3.1 For the purpose of calculating average annual production of vehicles for each manufacturer and the number of vehicles manufactured by each manufacturer under S14.1.1, a vehicle produced by more than one manufacturer shall be attributed to a single manufacturer as follows, subject to S14.1.3.2. (a) A vehicle which is imported shall be attributed to the importer. (b) A vehicle manufactured in the United States by more than one manufacturer, one of which also markets the vehicle, shall be attributed to the manufacturer which markets the vehicle. S14.1.3.2 A vehicle produced by more than one manufacturer shall be attributed to any one of the vehicle's manufacturers specified by an express written contract, reported to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration under 49 CFR part 585, between the manufacturer so specified and the manufacturer to which the vehicle would otherwise be attributed under S14.1.3.1. S14.2 Vehicles manufactured on or after September 1, 2005. Each vehicle shall meet the requirements specified in S15, S17, S19, S21, S23, and S25 (in addition to the other requirements specified in this standard). Where manufacturer options are specified, the manufacturer shall select the option by the time it certifies the vehicle and may not thereafter select a different option for the vehicle. S14.3 Vehicle integrity requirements. Each vehicle certified to the requirements of S15, S17, S19, S21, S23, and S25 of this standard shall meet the following vehicle integrity criteria during the crash and/or at the conclusion of each crash test, as specified, that is part of a requirement under this standard to which the vehicle is certified (this includes the crash tests that are part of requirements other than those identified earlier in this paragraph): (a) The latching mechanism of each door shall hold the door closed throughout the test. (b) After the impact, it must be possible, without the use of tools, to open at least one door, if there is one, per row of seats and, where there is no such door, to move the seats or tilt their backrests as necessary to allow the evacuation of all the occupants; this is, however, only applicable to vehicles having a roof of rigid construction. S15 Rigid barrier test requirements using 5th percentile adult female dummies. S15.1. Each vehicle shall, at each front outboard designated seating position, meet the injury criteria specified in S15.3 of this standard when the vehicle is crash tested in accordance with the procedures specified in S16 of this standard with the anthropomorphic test dummy unbelted. S15.2 Each vehicle shall, at each front outboard designated seating position, meet the injury criteria specified in S15.3 of this standard when the vehicle is crash tested in accordance with the procedures specified in S16 of this standard with the anthropomorphic test dummy restrained by the Type 2 seat belt assembly. S15.3 Injury criteria (5th percentile adult female dummy). S15.3.1 All portions of the test dummy shall be contained within the outer surfaces of the vehicle passenger compartment throughout the test. S15.3.2 The resultant acceleration at the center of gravity of the head shall be such that the expression: shall not exceed 1,000 where a is the resultant acceleration expressed as a multiple of g (the acceleration of gravity), and t1 and t2 are any two points in time during the crash of the vehicle which are separated by not more than a 36 millisecond time interval. [Proposed Alternative One--Chest includes requirements for chest acceleration (proposed S15.3.3), chest deflection (proposed S15.3.4) and Combined Thoracic Index (proposed S15.3.6; Proposed Alternative Two--Chest includes requirements for chest acceleration and chest deflection] S15.3.3 The resultant acceleration calculated from the output of the thoracic instrumentation shown in drawing [a drawing incorporated by reference in Part 572 would be identified in the final rule] shall not exceed 60 g's, except for intervals whose cumulative duration is not more than 3 milliseconds. S15.3.4 Compression deflection of the sternum relative to the spine, as determined by instrumentation shown in drawing [a drawing incorporated by reference in Part 572 would be identified in the final rule] shall not exceed 62 mm (2.5 inches). S15.3.5 The force transmitted axially through each upper leg shall not exceed 6805 N (1530 pounds). S15.3.6 Combined Thoracic Index (CTI) shall not exceed 1.0. The equation for calculating the CTI criterion is given by CTI = (Amax / Aint) + (Dmax / Dint) where Aint and Dint are intercept values defined as Aint = 85 g's for spine acceleration intercept, and Dint = 83 mm (3.3 in.) for sternal deflection intercept. Calculation of CTI requires measurement of upper spine triaxial acceleration filtered at SAE class 180 and sternal deflection filtered at SAE class 600. From the measured data, a 3-msec clip maximum value of the resultant spine acceleration (Amax) and the maximum chest deflection (Dmax) shall be determined. S15.3.7 [Proposed Alternative One--Neck] The biomechanical neck injury predictor, Nij, shall not exceed a value of [the agency is considering values of 1.4 and 1.0] at any point in time. The following procedure shall be used to compute Nij. The axial force (Fz) and flexion/extension moment about the occipital condyles (My) shall be used to calculate four combined injury predictors, collectively referred to as Nij. These four combined values represent the probability of sustaining each of four primary types of cervical injuries; namely tension-extension (NTE), tension-flexion (NTF), compression-extension (NCE), and compression-flexion (NCF) injuries. Axial force shall be filtered at SAE class 1000 and flexion/extension moment (My) shall be filtered at SAE class 600. Shear force, which shall be filtered at SAE class 600, is used only in conjunction with the measured moment to calculate the effective moment at the location of the occipital condyles. The equation for calculating the Nij criteria is given by Nij = (Fz / Fzc) + (My / Myc) where Fzc and Myc are critical values corresponding to: Fzc = 3200 N (719 lbf) for tension Fzc = 3200 N (719 lbf) for compression Myc = 210 Nm (155 lbf-ft) for flexion about occipital condyles Myc = 60 Nm (44 lbf-ft) for extension about occipital condyles Each of the four Nij values shall be calculated at each point in time, and all four values shall not exceed [the agency is considering values of 1.4 and 1.0] at any point in time. When calculating NTE and NTF, all compressive loads shall be set to zero. Similarly, when calculating NCE and NCF, all tensile loads shall be set to zero. In a similar fashion, when calculating NTE and NCE, all flexion moments shall be set to zero. Likewise, when calculating NTF and NCF, all extension moments shall be set to zero. [Proposed Alternative Two--Neck] Neck injury criteria. Using the six axis upper neck load cell [a drawing incorporated by reference in Part 572 would be identified in the final rule] that is mounted between the bottom of the skull and the top of the neck as shown in drawing [a drawing incorporated by reference in Part 572 would be identified in the final rule], the peak forces and moments measured at the occipital condyles shall not exceed: Axial Tension = 2080 N (468 lbf) Axial Compression = 2520 N (567 lbf) Fore-and-Aft Shear = 1950 N (438 lbf) Flexion Bending Moment = 95 Nm (70 lbf-ft) Extension Bending Moment = 28 Nm (21 lbf-ft) SAE Class 1000 shall be used to filter the axial tension, axial compression, and fore-and-aft shear. SAE Class 600 shall be used to filter the measured moment and fore-and-aft shear used to compute the flexion bending moment and extension bending moment at the occipital condyles. S16. Test procedures for rigid barrier test requirements using 5th percentile adult female dummies. S16.1 General provisions. Crash testing to determine compliance with the requirements of S15 of this standard is conducted as specified in the following paragraphs (a) and (b). (a) Unbelted testing. Place a Part 572 5th percentile adult female test dummy at each front outboard seating position of a vehicle, in accordance with procedures specified in S16.3 of this standard. No additional action, such as fastening a manual belt, is taken. Impact the vehicle traveling longitudinally forward at any speed, up to and including 48 km/h (30 mph), into a fixed collision barrier that is perpendicular to the line of travel of the vehicle, or at any angle up to 30 degrees from the perpendicular to the line of travel of the vehicle under the applicable conditions of S16.2 of this standard. Determine whether the vehicle integrity criteria specified in S14.3 and the injury criteria specified in S15.3 of this standard are met. (b) Belted testing. Place a Part 572 5th percentile adult female test dummy at each front outboard seating position of a vehicle, in accordance with procedures specified in S16.3 of this standard. Fasten the manual Type 2 seat belt assembly at each of these positions around the dummy occupying the position, in accordance with S16.3.10 of this standard. Impact the vehicle traveling longitudinally forward at any speed, up to and including 48 km/h (30 mph), into a fixed collision barrier that is perpendicular to the line of travel of the vehicle, or at any angle up to 30 degrees from the perpendicular to the line of travel of the vehicle under the applicable conditions of S16.3 of this standard. Determine whether the vehicle integrity criteria specified in S14.3 and the injury criteria specified in S15.3 of this standard are met. S16.2 Test conditions. S16.2.1 The vehicle including test devices and instrumentation, is loaded as follows: (a) Passenger cars. A passenger car is loaded to its unloaded vehicle weight plus its rated cargo and luggage capacity weight, secured in the luggage area, plus the weight of the necessary anthropomorphic test devices. (b) Multipurpose passenger vehicles, trucks, and buses. A multipurpose passenger vehicle, truck, or bus is loaded to its unloaded vehicle weight plus 136 kg (300 pounds) or its rated cargo and luggage capacity weight, whichever is less, secured in the load carrying area and distributed as nearly as possible in proportion to the gross axle weight ratings, plus the weight of the necessary anthropomorphic test devices. For the purposes of S16.2.1, unloaded vehicle weight does not include the weight of the work-performing accessories. Vehicles are tested to a maximum unloaded vehicle weight of 2,495 kg (5500 pounds). (c) Fuel system capacity. With the test vehicle on a level surface, pump the fuel from the vehicle's fuel tank and then operate the engine until it stops. Then, add Stoddard solvent to the vehicle's fuel tank in an amount which is equal to not less than 92 and not more than 94 percent of the fuel tank's usable capacity stated by the vehicle's manufacturer. In addition, add the amount of Stoddard solvent needed to fill the entire fuel system from the fuel tank through the engine's induction system. (d) Vehicle test attitude. Determine the distance between a level surface and a standard reference point on the test vehicle's body, directly above each wheel opening, when the vehicle is in its "as delivered" condition. The "as delivered" condition is the vehicle as received at the test site, with 100 percent of all fluid capacities and all tires inflated to the manufacturer's specifications as listed on the vehicle's tire placard. Determine the distance between the same level surface and the same standard reference points in the vehicle's "fully loaded condition." The "fully loaded condition" is the test vehicle loaded in accordance with S16.2.1(a) or (b) of this standard, as applicable. The load placed in the cargo area shall be centered over the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle. The pretest vehicle attitude shall be equal to either the as delivered or fully loaded attitude or between the as delivered attitude and the fully loaded attitude. S16.2.2 Adjustable seats are in the forwardmost adjustment position and if separately adjustable in a vertical direction, are at the uppermost position. S16.2.3 Place adjustable seat backs at an angle of 18+/- 2 degrees from vertical, if adjustable. Place any manually adjustable anchorages midway between extreme positions. If there is no midway position for an adjustable anchorage, place it in the next highest position. Place each adjustable head restraint in its highest adjustment position. Adjustable lumbar supports are positioned so that the lumbar support is in its lowest adjustment position. S16.2.4 Adjustable steering controls are adjusted so that the steering wheel hub is at the geometric center of the locus it describes when it is moved through its full range of driving positions. In the event that the adjustable steering wheel cannot be placed in the center of its movement, the wheel is placed at the next lowest position. S16.2.5 Movable vehicle windows and vents are placed in the fully closed position, unless the vehicle manufacturer chooses to specify a different adjustment position. S16.2.6 Convertibles and open-body type vehicles have the top, if any, in place in the closed passenger compartment configuration. S16.2.7 Doors are fully closed and latched but not locked. S16.2.8 The anthropomorphic test dummies used for crash testing shall be the 5th percentile adult female test dummy specified in Part 572 of this Chapter. S16.2.9 The Part 572 5th percentile adult female dummy is clothed in formfitting cotton stretch garments with short sleeves and above the knee length pants. A size 8W shoe which meets the configuration and size specifications of MIL-S 13912 change "P" or its equivalent is placed on each foot of the test dummy. S16.2.10 Limb joints are set at 1 g, barely restraining the weight of the limb when extended horizontally. Leg joints are adjusted with the torso in the supine position. S16.2.11 Instrumentation does not affect the motion of dummies during impact. S16.2.12 The stabilized temperature of the Part 572 5th percentile adult female test dummy is at any level between 20 degrees C and 22 degrees C. S16.3 Dummy Seating Positioning Procedures. The Part 572 5th percentile adult female test dummy is positioned as follows. S16.3.1 Head. The transverse instrumentation platform of the head shall be horizontal within ½ degree. To level the head of the dummy, the following sequences must be followed. First, adjust the position of the H point within the limits set forth in S16.3.5.1 of this standard to level the transverse instrumentation platform of the head of the test dummy. If the transverse instrumentation platform of the head is still not level, then adjust the pelvic angle of the test dummy within the limits specified in S16.3.5.2 of this standard. If the transverse instrumentation platform of the head is still not level, then adjust the neck bracket of the dummy the minimum amount necessary from the non-adjusted "0" setting to ensure that the transverse instrumentation platform of the head is horizontal within ½ degree. The test dummy shall remain within the limits specified in S16.3.5.1 and S16.3.5.2 of this standard after any adjustment of the neck bracket. S16.3.2 Arms. S16.3.2.1 The driver's upper arms shall be adjacent to the torso with the centerlines as close to a vertical plane as possible. S16.3.2.2 The passenger's upper arms shall be in contact with the seat back and the sides of the torso. S16.3.3 Hands. S16.3.3.1 The palms of the driver test dummy shall be in contact with the outer part of the steering wheel rim at the rim's horizontal centerline. The thumbs shall be over the steering wheel rim and shall be lightly taped to the steering wheel rim so that if the hand of the test dummy is pushed upward by a force of not less than 9 N (2 pounds force) and not more than 22 N (5 pounds force), the tape shall release the hand from the steering wheel rim. S16.3.3.2 The palms of the passenger test dummy shall be in contact with the outside of the dummy's thigh. The little finger shall be in contact with the seat cushion. S16.3.4 Upper torso. S16.3.4.1 In vehicles equipped with bench seats, the upper torso of the driver and passenger test dummies shall rest against the seat back. The midsagittal plane of the driver dummy shall be vertical and parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal centerline, and pass through the center of the steering wheel rim. The midsagittal plane of the passenger dummy shall be vertical and parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal centerline and the same distance from the vehicle's longitudinal centerline as the midsagittal plane of the driver dummy. S16.3.4.2 In vehicles equipped with bucket seats, the upper torso of the driver and passenger test dummies shall rest against the seat back. The midsagittal plane of the driver and the passenger dummy shall be vertical and shall coincide with the longitudinal centerline of the bucket seat. S16.3.5 Lower Torso. S16.3.5.1 H-point. The H-point of the driver and passenger test dummies shall coincide within 13 mm (.5 inch) in the vertical dimension and 13 mm (.5 inch) in the horizontal dimension of a point 6 mm (.25 inch) below the position of the H-point determined using the equipment and procedures specified in SAE J826 (Apr 80) except that the length of the lower leg and thigh segments of the H-point machine shall be adjusted to 325 mm (12.8 inches) and 342 mm (13.5 inches), respectively, instead of the 50th percentile values specified in Table 1 of SAE J826. S16.3.5.2 Pelvic angle. As determined using the pelvic angle gage (GM drawing 78051-532 incorporated by reference in Part 572, Subpart E of this chapter) which is inserted into the H-point gaging hole of the dummy, the angle measured from the horizontal on the 76 mm (3 inches) flat surface of the gage shall be 22 ½ degrees plus or minus 2 ½ degrees. S16.3.6 Legs. The upper legs of the driver and passenger test dummies shall rest against the seat cushion to the extent permitted by placement of the feet. The initial distance between the outboard knee clevis flange surfaces shall be 483 mm (19 inches). To the extent practicable, the left leg of the driver dummy and both legs of the passenger dummy shall be in vertical longitudinal planes. To the extent practicable, the right leg of the driver dummy shall be in a vertical plane. Final adjustment to accommodate placement of feet in accordance with S16.3.7 of this standard for various passenger compartment configurations is permitted. S16.3.7 Feet. The feet of the driver test dummy shall be positioned in accordance with S16.3.7.1(a) and S16.3.7.1(b) of this standard. The feet of the passenger test dummy shall be positioned in accordance with S16.3.7.2.1 (a) and S16.3.7.2.1(b) of this standard or S16.3.7.2.2(a) and S16.3.7.2.2(b) of this standard, as appropriate. S16.3.7.1 Driver position feet placement. (a) Rest the right foot of the test dummy on the undepressed accelerator pedal with the rearmost point of the heel on the floor pan in the plane of the pedal. If the heels cannot reach the floor, for adjustable seats lower the seat until the heels touch the floor. For non adjustable seats and for adjustable seats that do not permit dummy heel contact in the lowest adjustment position, adjust the lower limbs until the heels touch the floor. Check the H-point location in S16.3.5.1 to maintain the least deviation from the previous setting. If the foot cannot be placed on the accelerator pedal, set it initially perpendicular to the lower leg and place it as far forward as possible in the direction of the pedal centerline with the rearmost point of the heel resting on the floor pan. Except as prevented by contact with a vehicle surface, place the right leg so that the upper and lower leg centerlines fall, as close as possible, in a vertical plane without inducing torso movement. (b) Place the left foot on the toeboard with the rearmost point of the heel resting on the floor pan as close as possible to the point of intersection of the planes described by the toeboard and the floor pan and not on the wheelwell projection. If the foot cannot be positioned on the toeboard, set it initially perpendicular to the lower leg and place it as far forward as possible with the heel resting on the floor pan. If necessary to avoid contact with the vehicle's brake or clutch pedal, rotate the test dummy's left foot about the lower leg. If there is still pedal interference, rotate the left leg outboard about the hip the minimum necessary to avoid the pedal interference. Except as prevented by contact with a vehicle surface, place the left leg so that the upper and lower leg centerlines fall, as close as possible, in a vertical plane. For vehicles with a foot rest that does not elevate the left foot above the level of the right foot, place the left foot on the foot rest so that the upper and lower leg centerlines fall in a vertical plane. S16.3.7.2 Passenger position feet placement. S16.3.7.2.1 Vehicles with a flat floor pan/toeboard. (a) Place the right and left feet on the vehicle's floor pan with the heels resting on the floor pan as close as possible to the intersection point with the toeboard. If the heels cannot reach the floor, for adjustable seats lower the seat until the heels touch the floor. For non adjustable seats and for adjustable seats that do not permit dummy heel contact in the lowest adjustment position, adjust the lower limbs until the heels touch the floor. Check the H-point location in S16.3.5.1 to maintain the least deviation from the previous setting. (b) Place the right and left legs so that the upper and lower leg centerlines fall in vertical longitudinal planes. S16.3.7.2.2 Vehicles with wheelhouse projections in passenger compartment. (a) Place the right and left feet flat in the well of the floor pan/toeboard and not on the wheelhouse projection. If the feet cannot be placed flat on the toeboard, for adjustable seats lower the seat until the heels touch the floor. For non-adjustable seats and for adjustable seats that do not permit dummy heel contact in the lowest position, set them perpendicular to the lower leg centerlines. (b) If it is not possible to maintain vertical and longitudinal planes through the upper and lower leg centerlines for each leg, place the left leg so that its upper and lower centerlines fall, as closely as possible, in a vertical longitudinal plane and place the right leg so that its upper and lower leg centerlines fall, as closely as possible, in a vertical plane. Adjust both legs so that the foot is in contact with the floor pan and/or toe board and both knee heights deviate by no more than 10 mm. S16.3.8 Manual belt adjustment for dynamic testing. With the test dummy at its designated seating position as specified by the appropriate requirements of S16.3.1 through S16.3.7 of this standard, place the Type 2 manual belt around the test dummy and fasten the latch. Remove all slack from the lap belt. Pull the upper torso webbing out of the retractor and allow it to retract; repeat this operation four times. Apply a 9 N (2 pound force) to 18 N (4 pound force) tension load to the lap belt. If the belt system is equipped with a tension-relieving device, introduce the maximum amount of slack into the upper torso belt that is recommended by the manufacturer in the owner's manual for the vehicle. If the belt system is not equipped with a tension-relieving device, allow the excess webbing in the shoulder belt to be retracted by the retractive force of the retractor. S17 Offset frontal deformable barrier requirements using 5th percentile adult female dummies. Each vehicle shall, at each front outboard designated seating position, meet the injury criteria specified in S15.3 of this standard when the vehicle is crash tested in accordance with the procedures specified in S18 of this standard with the anthropomorphic test dummy restrained by the Type 2 seat belt assembly. S18 Test procedure for offset frontal deformable barrier requirements using 5th percentile adult female dummies. S18.1 General provisions. Crash testing to determine compliance with the requirements of S17 of this standard is conducted as follows. Place a Part 572 5th percentile adult female test dummy at each front outboard seating position of a vehicle, in accordance with procedures specified in S16.3 of this standard. Fasten the manual Type 2 seat belt assembly at each of these positions around the dummy occupying the position, in accordance with S16.3.8 of this standard. Impact the vehicle traveling longitudinally forward at any speed, up to and including 40 km/h (25 mph), into a fixed offset deformable barrier under the conditions specified in S18.2 of this standard. Determine whether the vehicle integrity criteria specified in S14.3 and the injury criteria specified in S15.3 of this standard are met. S18.2 Test conditions. S18.2.1 Offset frontal deformable barrier. The offset frontal deformable barrier shall conform to the specifications set forth in Subpart B of Part 587 of this chapter. S18.2.2 General test conditions. All of the test conditions specified in S16.2 of this standard apply. S18.2.3 Dummy seating and positioning. The anthropomorphic test dummies are seated and positioned as specified in S16.3 of this standard. S18.2.4 Impact configuration. The test vehicle shall impact the barrier specified in Subpart B of Part 587, with the longitudinal line of the vehicle parallel to the line of travel, and perpendicular to the barrier face. The test vehicle shall be aligned so that the vehicle strikes the barrier with 40 percent of the vehicle's width engaging the barrier face for any of the following conditions: the right edge of the barrier face is offset to the left of the vehicle's longitudinal centerline by 10 percent of the vehicle's width +/- 20 mm (0.8 inch), or the left edge of the barrier face is offset to the right of the vehicle's longitudinal centerline by 10 percent of the vehicle's width +/- 20 mm (0.8 inch). The vehicle width is defined as the maximum dimension measured across the widest part of the vehicle, excluding exterior mirrors, flexible mud flaps and marker lamps, but including bumpers, molding, sheet metal protrusions, and dual wheels, as standard equipment. S19 Requirements using rear facing child restraints. S19.1 Each vehicle shall, at the option of the manufacturer, meet the requirements specified in S19.2 or S19.3, under the test procedures specified in S20. S19.2 Option 1--Automatic suppression feature. Each vehicle shall meet the requirements specified in S19.2.1 through S19.2.2. S19.2.1 The vehicle shall be equipped with an automatic suppression feature for the passenger air bag which results in deactivation of the air bag after each of the static tests (using the 12 month old CRABI child dummy in a rear facing infant restraint) specified in S20.2, activation of the air bag after each of the static tests (using a 5th percentile adult female dummy) specified in S20.3, deactivation of the air bag throughout the rough road tests (using a 12 month old child dummy in a rear facing infant restraint) specified in S20.4, and activation of the air bag throughout the rough road tests (using a 5th percentile adult female dummy) specified in S20.5. S19.2.2 The vehicle shall be equipped with a telltale light on the instrument panel which is illuminated whenever the passenger air bag is deactivated and not illuminated whenever the passenger air bag is activated. The telltale: (a) Shall be clearly visible from all front seating positions; (b) Shall be yellow; (c) Shall have the identifying words "PASSENGER AIR BAG OFF" on the telltale or within 25 mm of the telltale; and (d) Shall not be combined with the readiness indicator required by S4.5.2 of this standard. S19.3 Option 2--Low risk deployment. Each vehicle shall meet the injury criteria specified in S19.4 of this standard when the passenger air bag is statically deployed in accordance with the procedures specified in S20 of this standard. S19.4 Injury criteria (12 month old CRABI dummy). S19.4.1 The resultant acceleration at the center of gravity of the head shall be such that the expression: shall not exceed 660 where a is the resultant acceleration expressed as a multiple of g (the acceleration of gravity), and t1 and t2 are any two points in time during the crash of the vehicle which are separated by not more than a 36 millisecond time interval. S19.4.2 The resultant acceleration calculated from the output of the thoracic instrumentation shown in drawing [a drawing incorporated by reference in Part 572 would be identified in the final rule] shall not exceed 40 g's, except for intervals whose cumulative duration is not more than 3 milliseconds. S19.4.3 [Proposed Alternative One--Neck] The biomechanical neck injury predictor, Nij, shall not exceed a value of [the agency is considering values of 1.4 and 1.0] at any point in time. The following procedure shall be used to compute Nij. The axial force (Fz) and flexion/extension moment about the occipital condyles (My) shall be used to calculate four combined injury predictors, collectively referred to as Nij. These four combined values represent the probability of sustaining each of four primary types of cervical injuries; namely tension-extension (NTE), tension-flexion (NTF), compression-extension (NCE), and compression-flexion (NCF) injuries. Axial force shall be filtered at SAE class 1000 and flexion/extension moment (My) shall be filtered at SAE class 600. Shear force, which shall be filtered at SAE class 600, is used only in conjunction with the measured moment to calculate the effective moment at the location of the occipital condyles. The equation for calculating the Nij criteria is given by Nij = (Fz / Fzc) + (My / Myc) where Fzc and Myc are critical values corresponding to: Fzc = 2200 N (495 lbf) for tension Fzc = 2200 N (495 lbf) for compression Myc = 85 Nm (63 lbf-ft) for flexion about occipital condyles Myc = 25 Nm (18 lbf-ft) for extension about occipital condyles Each of the four Nij values shall be calculated at each point in time, and all four values shall not exceed [the agency is considering values of 1.4 and 1.0] at any point in time. When calculating NTE and NTF, all compressive loads shall be set to zero. Similarly, when calculating NCE and NCF, all tensile loads shall be set to zero. In a similar fashion, when calculating NTE and NCE, all flexion moments shall be set to zero. Likewise, when calculating NTF and NCF, all extension moments shall be set to zero. [Proposed Alternative Two--Neck] Neck injury criteria. Using the six axis upper neck load cell [a drawing incorporated by reference in Part 572 would be identified in the final rule] that is mounted between the bottom of the skull and the top of the neck as shown in drawing [a drawing incorporated by reference in Part 572 would be identified in the final rule], the peak forces and moments measured at the occipital condyles shall not exceed: Axial Tension = 1150 N (259 lbf) Axial Compression = 1390 N (312 lbf) Fore-and-Aft Shear = 1080 N (243 lbf) Flexion Bending Moment = 39 Nm (29 lbf-ft) Extension Bending Moment = 12 Nm (9 lbf-ft) SAE Class 1000 shall be used to filter the axial tension, axial compression, and fore-and-aft shear. SAE Class 600 shall be used to filter the measured moment and fore-and-aft shear used to compute the flexion bending moment and extension bending moment at the occipital condyles. S20 Test procedure for S19. S20.1 General provisions. S20.1.1 Tests specifying the use of a rear facing child restraint are conducted using any rear facing child restraint (including convertible types) which was manufactured for sale in the United States between two years and ten years prior to the date the model year carline of which the vehicle is a part was (or will be) first offered for sale to a consumer. The rear facing child restraint may be unused or used; if used, there must not be any visible damage prior to the test. S20.1.2 Tests are conducted with the engine operating. S20.2 Static tests of automatic suppression feature which must result in deactivation of the passenger air bag. S20.2.1 Test one--belted rear facing child restraint, facing rear. S20.2.1 Place the right front passenger vehicle seat in any position, i.e., any seat track location, any seat height, any seat back angle. S20.2.1.2 Install the Part 572 12-month old CRABI dummy in any rear facing child restraint in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions provided with the seat pursuant to Standard No. 213. S20.2.1.3 Install the rear facing child restraint in the right front passenger seat of the vehicle in accordance, to the extent possible, with the child restraint manufacturer's instructions provided on the seat pursuant to Standard No. 213 and with the instructions in the vehicle owner's manual. Cinch the vehicle belts to any level to secure the rear facing child restraint. S20.2.1.4 Place the rear facing child restraint handle at any angle. S20.2.1.5 Place any towel or blanket, with any weight up to 1 kg (2.2 pounds), on or over the rear facing child restraint in any manner. S20.2.1.6 Start the vehicle engine and then close all vehicle doors. S20.2.1.7 Monitor the telltale light to check whether the air bag is deactivated, i.e., the light must be illuminated. S20.2.2 Test two--unbelted rear facing child restraint. S20.2.2.1 Place the right front passenger vehicle seat in any position, i.e., any seat track location, any seat height, any seat back angle. S20.2.2.2 Install the Part 572 12-month old CRABI dummy in any rear facing child restraint in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions provided with the seat pursuant to Standard No. 213. S20.2.2.3 Install the rear facing child restraint with the dummy on the right front passenger seat of the vehicle in any of the following positions (without using the vehicle's seat belts): (a) In the same position as that specified in S20.2.1.3 of this standard, (b) In the same position as specified in (a) of this section, but rotated 180 degrees so that the dummy is facing the front of the vehicle; (c) In the same position as specified in (a) of this section, but rotated 90 degrees so that the dummy is facing the driver position and the side of the child restraint is in contact with the front passenger seat back; (d) In the same position as specified in (a) of this section, but rotated 90 degrees so that the dummy is facing the passenger door and the side of the child restraint is in contact with the front passenger seat back; (e) In a position 127 mm (5 inches) forward of the position specified in (a) of this section, with the orientation specified in (c) of this section (if the child restraint is not stable, move it forward toward the edge of the seat until it can rest in equilibrium); (f) In the same position specified in (e) of this section, but rotated 180 degrees so that the dummy is facing the passenger door. S20.2.2.4 Place the rear facing child restraint handle at any angle. S20.2.2.5 Place any towel or blanket, with any weight up to 1 kg (2.2 pounds), on or over the rear facing child restraint in any manner. S20.2.2.6 Close all vehicle doors. S20.2.2.7 Monitor the telltale light to check whether the air bag is deactivated, i.e., the light must remain illuminated for the entire time the child seat is positioned as described. S20.3 Static tests of automatic suppression feature which must result in activation of the passenger air bag. S20.3.1 Place the right front passenger vehicle seat in any position, i.e., any seat track location, any seat height, any seat back angle. S20.3.2 Place a Part 572 5th percentile adult female test dummy at the right front seating position of a vehicle, in accordance with procedures specified in S16.3 of this standard, to the extent possible with the seat position that has been selected. S20.3.3 Monitor the telltale light to check whether the air bag is activated for the entire time the 5th percentile adult female test dummy is positioned as described. S20.4 Rough road tests of automatic suppression feature, during which the passenger air bag must be deactivated. S20.4.1 Place the right front passenger vehicle seat in any position, i.e., any seat track location, any seat height, any seat back angle. S20.4.2 Install the Part 572 12-month old CRABI dummy in any rear facing child restraint. S20.4.3 Install the rear facing child restraint in the right front passenger seat of the vehicle in accordance, to the extent possible, with the child restraint manufacturer's instructions provided with the seat pursuant to Standard No. 213 and with the instructions in the vehicle owner's manual. Cinch the vehicle belts to any level to secure the rear facing child restraint. S20.4.4 Drive the vehicle at any speed up to 40 km/h (25 mph) for any distance between 0.2 km (1/8 mile) and 0.4 km (1/4 mile) over any of the following types of road surfaces: (a) Washboard surface. A paved lane which consists of a series of uniform bumps with a height of l6 mm ± 5 mm (0.6 inches ± 0.2 inches) and spaced 100 mm ± 5 mm (4 inches ± 0.2 inches) from center to center, perpendicular to the line of travel across the full width of the lane; (b) Surface with dips. A paved lane which consists of a series of uniform mounds with a height of 76 mm ± 5 mm (3 inches ± 0.2 inches) and spaced 1650 mm ± 10 mm (65 inches ± 0.4 inches) from center to center. S20.4.5 Monitor the telltale light during the test to check whether the air bag remains deactivated throughout the test, i.e., the light must remain illuminated. S20.5 Rough road tests of automatic suppression feature, during which the passenger air bag must be activated. S20.5.1 Place a Part 572 5th percentile adult female test dummy in the right front passenger position of a vehicle, in accordance with procedures specified in S16.3 of this standard. S20.5.2 Drive the vehicle at any speed up to 40 km/h (25 mph) for any distance between 0.2 km (1/8 mile) and 0.4 km (1/4 mile) over any of the road surfaces specified in S20.4.4. S20.5.3 Monitor the telltale light during the test to check whether the air bag remains activated throughout the test, i.e., the light must remain off. S20.6 Low risk deployment test. S20.6.1 Place the right front passenger vehicle seat in the full forward seat track position, the highest seat position (if adjustment is available), and any seat back angle. S20.6.2 Install the Part 572 12-month old CRABI dummy in any rear facing child restraint in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions provided with the seat pursuant to Standard No. 213. S20.6.3 Locate and mark the center point of the top of the rear facing child restraint. This will be referred to as "Point A". S20.6.4 Install the rear facing child restraint in the right front passenger seat of the vehicle in accordance, to the extent possible, with the child restraint manufacturer's instructions provided with the seat pursuant to Standard No. 213 and with the instructions in the vehicle owner's manual. S20.6.5 Locate a point on the air bag cover that is the geometric center of the air bag cover. This will be referred to as "Point B". S20.6.6 Translate the rear facing child restraint system (parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle) such that Point A on the child restraint system is lined up with Point B on the air bag cover to form a vertical plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. S20.6.7 Cinch the vehicle belts to any level to secure the rear facing child restraint. S20.6.8 Deploy the right front passenger air bag system. If the air bag contains a multistage inflator, any stage is fired. S21 Requirements using 3 year old child dummies. S21.1 Each vehicle shall, at the option of the manufacturer, meet the requirements specified in S21.2, S21.3, or S21.4 under the test procedures specified in S22, except that, at the option of the manufacturer, the vehicle may instead meet the requirements specified in S29. S21.2 Option 1--Automatic suppression feature that always suppresses the air bag when a child is present. Each vehicle shall meet the requirements specified in S21.2.1 through S21.2.2. S21.2.1 The vehicle shall be equipped with an automatic suppression feature for the passenger air bag which results in deactivation of the air bag during each of the static tests (using a 3-year-old child dummy) specified in S22.2, activation of the air bag after each of the static tests (using a 5th percentile adult female dummy) specified in S20.3, deactivation of the air bag throughout the rough road tests (using a 3-year-old child dummy) specified in S22.3, and activation of the air bag throughout the rough road tests (using a 5th percentile adult female dummy) specified in S20.5. S21.2.2 The vehicle shall be equipped with a telltale light on the instrument panel meeting the requirements specified in S19.2.2. S21.3 Option 2--Automatic suppression feature that suppresses the air bag when an occupant is out of position. S21.3.1 The vehicle shall be equipped with an automatic suppression feature for the passenger air bag which meets the requirements specified in S27. S21.3.2 The vehicle shall be equipped with a telltale light on the instrument panel meeting the requirements specified in S19.2.2. S21.4 Option 3--Low risk deployment (Hybrid III 3-year-old child dummy). Each vehicle shall meet the injury criteria specified in S21.5 of this standard when the passenger air bag is statically deployed in accordance with the low risk deployment test procedures specified in S22.4. S21.5 Injury criteria for Hybrid III 3-year-old child dummy. S21.5.1 All portions of the test dummy shall be contained within the outer surfaces of the vehicle passenger compartment throughout the test. S21.5.2 The resultant acceleration at the center of gravity of the head shall be such that the expression: shall not exceed 900 where a is the resultant acceleration expressed as a multiple of g (the acceleration of gravity), and t1 and t2 are any two points in time during the crash of the vehicle which are separated by not more than a 36 millisecond time interval. [Proposed Alternative One--Chest includes requirements for chest acceleration (proposed S21.5.3), chest deflection (proposed S21.5.4) and Combined Thoracic Index (proposed S21.5.5; Proposed Alternative Two--Chest includes requirements for chest acceleration and chest deflection] S21.5.3 The resultant acceleration calculated from the output of the thoracic instrumentation shown in drawing [a drawing incorporated by reference in Part 572 would be identified in the final rule] shall not exceed 50 g's, except for intervals whose cumulative duration is not more than 3 milliseconds. S21.5.4 Compression deflection of the sternum relative to the spine, as determined by instrumentation shown in drawing [a drawing incorporated by reference in Part 572 would be identified in the final rule] shall not exceed 42 millimeters (1.7 inches). S21.5.5 Combined Thoracic Index (CTI) shall not exceed 1.0. The equation for calculating the CTI criterion is given by CTI = (Amax / Aint) + (Dmax / Dint) where Aint and Dint are intercept values defined as Aint = 70 g's for spine acceleration intercept, and Dint = 57 mm (2.2 in.) for sternal deflection intercept. Calculation of CTI requires measurement of upper spine triaxial acceleration filtered at SAE class 180 and sternal deflection filtered at SAE class 600. From the measured data, a 3-msec clip maximum value of the resultant spine acceleration (Amax) and the maximum chest deflection (Dmax) shall be determined. S21.5.6 [Proposed Alternative One--Neck] The biomechanical neck injury predictor, Nij, shall not exceed a value of [the agency is considering values of 1.4 and 1.0] at any point in time. The following procedure shall be used to compute Nij. The axial force (Fz) and flexion/extension moment about the occipital condyles (My) shall be used to calculate four combined injury predictors, collectively referred to as Nij. These four combined values represent the probability of sustaining each of four primary types of cervical injuries; namely tension-extension (NTE), tension-flexion (NTF), compression-extension (NCE), and compression-flexion (NCF) injuries. Axial force shall be filtered at SAE class 1000 and flexion/extension moment (My) shall be filtered at SAE class 600. Shear force, which shall be filtered at SAE class 600, is used only in conjunction with the measured moment to calculate the effective moment at the location of the occipital condyles. The equation for calculating the Nij criteria is given by Nij = (Fz / Fzc) + (My / Myc) where Fzc and Myc are critical values corresponding to: Fzc = 2500 N (562 lbf) for tension Fzc = 2500 N (562 lbf) for compression Myc = 100 Nm (74 lbf-ft) for flexion about occipital condyles Myc = 30 Nm (22 lbf-ft) for extension about occipital condyles Each of the four Nij values shall be calculated at each point in time, and all four values shall not exceed [the agency is considering values of 1.4 and 1.0] at any point in time. When calculating NTE and NTF, all compressive loads shall be set to zero. Similarly, when calculating NCE and NCF, all tensile loads shall be set to zero. In a similar fashion, when calculating NTE and NCE, all flexion moments shall be set to zero. Likewise, when calculating NTF and NCF, all extension moments shall be set to zero. [Proposed Alternative Two--Neck] Neck injury criteria. Using the six axis upper neck load cell [a drawing incorporated by reference in Part 572 would be identified in the final rule] that is mounted between the bottom of the skull and the top of the neck as shown in drawing [a drawing incorporated by reference in Part 572 would be identified in the final rule], the peak forces and moments measured at the occipital condyles shall not exceed: Axial Tension = 1270 N (286 lbf) Axial Compression = 1540 N (346 lbf) Fore-and-Aft Shear = 1200 N (270 lbf) Flexion Bending Moment = 46 Nm (34 lbf-ft) Extension Bending Moment = 14 Nm (10 lbf-ft) SAE Class 1000 shall be used to filter the axial tension, axial compression, and fore-and-aft shear. SAE Class 600 shall be used to filter the measured moment and fore-and-aft shear used to compute the flexion bending moment and extension bending moment at the occipital condyles. S22 Test procedure for S21. S22.1 General provisions. S22.1.1 Tests specifying the use of a forward-facing child seat or booster seat are conducted using any such seat recommended for a child weighing 34 pounds which was manufactured for sale in the United States between two years and ten years prior to the date the model year carline of which the vehicle is a part was (or will be) first offered for sale to a consumer. The seat may be unused or used; if used, there must not be any visible damage. S22.1.2 Tests are conducted with the engine operating. S22.2 Static tests of automatic suppression feature which must result in deactivation of the passenger air bag. S22.2.1 Test one--child in a forward-facing child seat or booster seat. S22.2.1.1 Install any forward-facing child seat or booster seat in the right front passenger seat in accordance, to the extent possible, with the child restraint manufacturer's instructions provided with the seat pursuant to Standard No. 213 and with the instructions in the vehicle owner's manual. S22.2.1.2 Position the Part 572 Hybrid III 3-year-old child dummy seated in the forward-facing child seat or booster seat such that the dummy's lower torso is centered on the forward-facing child seat or booster seat cushion and the dummy's spine is parallel to the forward-facing child seat or booster seat back or, if there is no booster seat back, the vehicle seat back. The lower arms are placed at the dummy's side. S22.2.1.3 Attach all appropriate forward-facing child seat or booster seat belts, if any, and tighten them as specified in S6.1.2 of Standard No. 213. S22.2.1.4 Attach all appropriate vehicle belts and tighten them as specified in S6.1.2 of Standard No. 213. S22.2.1.5 Place the right front passenger vehicle seat in any position, i.e., any seat track location, any seat height, any seat back angle. S22.2.1.6 Start the vehicle engine and then close all vehicle doors. S22.2.1.7 Monitor telltale light to check whether the air bag is deactivated. S22.2.2 Test two--unbelted child. S22.2.2.1 Place the right front passenger vehicle seat in any position, i.e., any seat track location, any seat height, any seat back angle. S22.2.2.2 Place the Part 572 Hybrid III 3-year old child dummy on the right front passenger seat, or on the floor in front of the right front passenger seat, as appropriate, in any of the following positions (without using a forward-facing child seat or booster seat or the vehicle's seat belts): (a) Sitting on seat with back against seat: (1) Position the dummy in the seated position and place it on the right front passenger seat; (2) The upper torso of the dummy rests against the seat back. In the case of vehicles equipped with bench seats, the midsagittal plane of the dummy is vertical and parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal centerline and the same distance from the vehicle's longitudinal centerline as the center of the steering wheel rim. In the case of vehicles equipped with bucket seats, the midsagittal plane of the dummy is vertical and coincides with the longitudinal centerline of the bucket seat. The dummy's femurs are against the seat cushion. (3) Allow the lower legs of the dummy to extend off the surface of the seat. If positioning the dummy's lower legs is prevented by contact with the instrument panel, rotate the lower leg toward the floor. (4) Position the dummy's upper arms down until they contact the seat. (b) Sitting on seat with back not against seat: (1) Position the dummy in the seated position and place the dummy in the right front passenger seat. (2) In the case of vehicles equipped with bench seats, the midsagittal plane of the dummy is vertical and parallel to the vehicle's longitudinal centerline and the same distance from the vehicle's longitudinal centerline as the center of the steering wheel rim. In the case of vehicles equipped with bucket seats, the midsagittal plane of the dummy is vertical and coincides with the longitudinal centerline of the bucket seat. The horizontal distance from the dummy's back to the seat back is no less than 25 mm (1 inch) and no more than 150 mm (6 inches), as measured from the dummy's mid-sagittal plane at the mid-sternum level. (3) Lower the dummy's upper legs and dummy's femurs against the seat cushion. (4) Allow the lower limbs of the dummy to extend off the surface of the seat. (5) Rotate the dummy's lower arms until the dummy's hands come to rest on the seat. (c) Sitting on seat edge with hands on the instrument panel (This test is conducted with the seat in any seat track positions that permit the dummy's hands to be placed on the instrument panel.): (1) Position the dummy in the seated position and place it on the right front passenger seat with the dummy's legs positioned 90 degrees (i.e., right angle) from the horizontal. (2) Position the dummy forward in the seat such that the lower legs rest against the front of the seat with the spine in the vertical direction. If the dummy's feet contact the floorboard, rotate the lower legs forward until the dummy is resting on the seat with the feet positioned flat on the floorboard and the dummy spine vertical. (3) Extend the dummy's arms directly in front of the dummy parallel to the floor of the vehicle. (4) Lower the dummy's arms such that they contact the instrument panel. (d) Sitting on seat edge, spine vertical, hands by the dummy's side: (1) Position the dummy in the seated position and place it on the right front passenger seat with the dummy's legs positioned 90 degrees (i.e., right angle) from the horizontal. (2) Position the dummy forward in the seat such that the lower legs rest against the front of the seat with the spine in the vertical direction. If the dummy's feet contact the floorboard, rotate the lower legs forward until the dummy is resting on the seat with the feet positioned flat on the floorboard and the dummy spine vertical. (3) Extend the dummy's arms directly in front of the dummy parallel to the floor of the vehicle. (4) Lower the dummy's arms such that they contact the seat. (e) Sitting back in the seat and leaning on the right front passenger door: (1) Position the dummy in the seated position and place the dummy in the right front passenger seat. (2) Place the dummy's lower torso on the outboard portion of the seat with the dummy's back against the seat back and the dummy's upper legs resting on the seat cushion. (3) Allow the lower legs of the dummy to extend off the surface of the seat. If positioning the dummy's lower legs is prevented by contact with the instrument panel, rotate the lower leg toward the floor. (4) Position the dummy's upper arms against the seat back by rotating the dummy's upper arms toward the seat back until they makes contact. (5) Rotate the dummy's lower arms down until they contact the seat. (6) Lean the dummy against the outboard door. (f) Standing on seat, facing forward: (1) Position the dummy in the standing position. The arms are at any position. (2) Center the dummy on the right front passenger seat cushion facing the front of the vehicle while placing the heels of the dummy feet in contact with the seat back. (3) Rest the dummy against the seat back. (g) Standing on seat, facing rearward: (1) Position the dummy in the standing position. The arms are at any position. (2) Center the dummy on the right front passenger seat cushion facing the rear of the vehicle while placing the toes of the dummy feet in contact with the seat back. (3) Rest the dummy against the seat back. (h) Kneeling on seat, facing forward: (1) Place the dummy in a kneeling position by rotating the dummy's lower legs 90 degrees behind the dummy (from the standing position). (2) Place the kneeling dummy in the right front passenger seat with the dummy facing the front of the vehicle. Position the dummy such that the dummy toes are in contact with the seat back. The arms are at any position. (i) Kneeling on seat, facing rearward: (1) Place the dummy in a kneeling position by rotating the dummy's lower legs 90 degrees behind the dummy (from the standing position). (2) Place the kneeling dummy in the right front passenger seat with the dummy facing the rear of the vehicle. Position the dummy such that the dummy's head is in contact with the seat back. The arms are at any position. (j) Standing on floor (This test is only conducted with the seat in its rearmost track position.): (1) Position the dummy in the standing position. (2) Place the dummy standing on the floor in front of the right front passenger seat, facing forward and with the dummy's midsaggital plane parallel to the longitudinal plane through the centerline of the vehicle and including the geometric center of the air bag cover, in any position from the one where the dummy contacts the instrument panel rearwards to the one where the dummy contacts the seat. The arms are at any position. (k) Lying on seat (This test is only conducted with the seat in the position specified.): (1) Lay the dummy on the right front passenger seat such that the following criteria are met: (A) The mid-sagittal plane of the dummy is horizontal, (B) The dummy's spine is perpendicular to the vehicle longitudinal axis, (C) Upper arms are parallel to dummy spine, (D) A plane passing through the two shoulder joints of the dummy is vertical and intersects the geometric center of the seat bottom (the seat bottom is the plan view part of the seat from the forward most part of the seat back to the forward most part of the seat), (E) The anterior of the dummy is facing the vehicle front, and (F) Leg position is not set and can be articulated to fit above conditions. (2) Adjustable seats are in the adjustment position midway between the forwardmost and rearmost positions, and if separately adjustable in a vertical direction, are at the lowest position. If an adjustment position does not exist midway between the forwardmost and rearmost positions, the closest adjustment position to the rear of the midpoint is used. (3) Position the dummy so that the top of dummy head is within 10 mm of the vehicle side door structure. (4) Rotate upper legs toward chest of dummy and rotate lower legs against the upper legs. (5) Place dummy upper left arm parallel with the vehicle transverse plane and the lower arm 90° to the upper arm. Rotate lower arm down about the elbow joint until movement is obstructed. Final position should resemble a fetal position. (l) Low risk deployment test position 1. The procedure for determining this position is set forth in S22.4.2. (m) Low risk deployment test position 2. The procedure for determining this position is set forth in S22.4.3. (n) Sitting on seat edge, head contacting the mid-face of the instrument panel. (1) Locate and mark the center point of the dummy's rib cage or sternum plate. (The vertical mid-point on the mid-sagittal plane of the frontal chest plate of the dummy). This will be referred to as "Point A." (2) Locate the point on the air bag module cover that is the geometric center of the air bag module cover. This will be referred to as "Point B". (3) Locate the horizontal plane that passes through Point B. This will be referred to as "Plane 1". (4) "Plane 2" is defined as the vertical plane which passes through Point B and is parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis. (5) Move the passenger seat to the full rearward seating position. (6) Place the dummy in the front passenger seat such that: (A) Point A is located in Plane 2. (B) A vertical plane through the shoulder joints of the dummy is at 90° to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. (C) The lower legs are positioned 90° (right angle) from horizontal. (D) The dummy is positioned forward in the seat such the lower legs rest against the front of the seat and such that the dummy's upper spine plate is 0° forward (toward front of vehicle) of the vertical position. (7) Rotate dummy's torso by applying a force towards the front of the vehicle on the spine of the dummy between the shoulder joints. Continue applying force until head C.G. is in Plane 1, or spine angle at the upper spine plate is 45°, whichever produces the greatest rotation. (8) Move seat forward until contact with the forward structure of the vehicle, or seat is full forward, whichever occurs first. (9) To keep dummy in-position, a thread with a maximum breaking strength of 311 N (70 pounds) that does not interfere with the suppression device may be used to hold dummy. (o) Kneeling on the floor. (1) Locate and mark the center point of the dummy's chest/rib plate. (The vertical mid-point on the mid-sagittal plane of the frontal chest plate of the dummy). This will be referred to as "Point A". (2) Locate the point on the air bag module cover that is the geometric center of the air bag module cover. This will be referred to as "Point B". (3) Determine the height of this point above the floorboard of the vehicle. This height defines a horizontal plane that passes through Point B. This will be referred to as "Plane 1". (4) A second plane, "Plane 2", is be defined as a vertical plane which passes through Point B. (5) Move the passenger seat to the full rearward seating position. (6) Remove the dummy lower legs at the knee joint. (7) Center the dummy laterally so that Point A is coincident with Plane 2 and the upper spine plate is in a vertical position. (8) With the use of spacers (wooden or foam blocks, etc.) position the dummy in a seated position with the H-point located 165 mm ± 10 mm (6.5 inches ± 0.4 inches) above the floor of the vehicle. Maintain the upper spine plate orientation. (9) Position the upper leg 90° to the spine. (10) Move the dummy forward until contact is made with the forward structure of the vehicle. If necessary, the upper torso can be tethered with a thread with a maximum breaking strength of 311 N (70 pounds). Care should be taken that any such tether is not situated anywhere within the deployment envelope of the air bag. (11) Position the arms parallel to the spine/torso of the dummy. (p) Sitting on seat edge, head contacting the lower-face of the instrument panel. (1) Locate and mark the center point of the dummy's rib cage or sternum plate. (The vertical mid-point on the mid-sagittal plane of the frontal chest plate of the dummy). This will be referred to as "Point A." (2) Locate the point on the air bag module cover that is the geometric center of the air bag module cover. This will be referred to as "Point B". (3) Locate the horizontal plane that passes through Point B. This will be referred to as "Plane 1". (4) "Plane 2" is defined as the vertical plane which passes through Point B and is parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis. (5) Move the passenger seat to the full rearward seating position. (6) Place the dummy in the front passenger seat such that: (A) Point A is located in Plane 2. (B) A vertical plane through the shoulder joints of the dummy is at 90° to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. (C) The lower legs are positioned 90° (right angle) from horizontal. (D) The dummy is positioned forward in the seat such that the lower legs rest against the front of the seat and such that the dummy's upper spine plate is 0 degrees ± 2 degrees forward (toward front of vehicle) of the vertical position. (7) Rotate dummy's torso by applying a force towards the front of the vehicle on the spine of the dummy between the shoulder joints. Continue applying force until head C.G. is in Plane 1, or spine angle at the upper spine plate is 75 degrees ± 2 degrees, whichever produces the greatest rotation. (8) Move seat forward until contact with the forward structure of the vehicle, or seat is full forward, whichever occurs first. (9) To keep dummy in-position, a thread with a maximum breaking strength of 311 N (70 pounds) that does not interfere with the suppression device may be used to hold dummy. S22.2.2.3 Close all vehicle doors. S22.2.2.4 Monitor the telltale light to check whether the air bag is deactivated, i.e., the light must be illuminated. S22.3 Rough road tests of automatic suppression feature, during which the passenger air bag must be deactivated. S22.3.1 Following completion of any of the tests specified in S22.2, and without changing the position of the vehicle seat or the dummy, drive or move the vehicle at any speed up to 40 km/h (25 mph) for any distance over any of the types of road surfaces specified in S20.4.4. (The vehicle may be moved by any external source to protect the driver from a dummy that could fall over.) S22.3.2 Monitor the telltale light during the test to check whether the air bag remains deactivated throughout the test, i.e., the light must remain illuminated. S22.4 Low risk deployment test (Hybrid III 3-year-old child dummy). S22.4.1 Position the dummy according to any of the following positions: Position 1 (S22.4.2) or Position 2 (S22.4.3). S22.4.2 Position 1. S22.4.2.1 Locate and mark the center point of the dummy's rib cage or sternum plate (the vertical mid-point on the mid-sagittal plane of the frontal chest plate of the dummy). This will be referred to as "Point A." S22.4.2.2 Locate the point on the air bag module cover that is the geometric center of the air bag module cover. This is referred to as "Point B." S22.4.2.3 Locate the horizontal plane that passes through Point B. This will be referred to as "Plane 1." S22.4.2.4 Locate the vertical plane parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis and passing through Point B. This will be referred to as "Plane 2." S22.4.2.5 Move the passenger seat to the full rearward track seating position. Place the seat back in the nominal upright position as specified by the vehicle manufacturer. S22.4.2.6 Place the dummy in the front passenger seat such that: S22.4.2.6.1 Point A is located in Plane 2. S22.4.2.6.2 A vertical plane through the dummy shoulder joints is at 90 degrees to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. S22.4.2.6.3 The lower legs are positioned 90 degrees to the upper legs. S22.4.2.6.4 The dummy is positioned forward in the seat such that the dummy's upper spine plate is 0 degrees ± 2 degrees forward (toward front of vehicle) of the vertical position, and the lower legs rest against the front of the seat. S22.4.2.7 Move the dummy forward until the upper torso or head of the dummy makes contact with the forward structure of the vehicle. S22.4.2.8 Once contact is made, as outlined in paragraph S22.4.2.7, the dummy is then be raised vertically until Point A lies within Plane 1 (the vertical height to the center of the air bag) or until a minimum clearance of 6 mm (0.25 inches) between the dummy head and the windshield is attained. S22.4.2.9 Position the upper arm parallel to the spine and rotate the lower arm forward (at the elbow joint) sufficiently to prevent contact with or support from the seat. S22.4.2.10 Position the lower limbs of the dummy so that the feet rest flat on the floorboard (or the feet are positioned parallel to the floorboard) of the vehicle. S22.4.2.11 Support the dummy so that there is minimum interference with the full rotational and translational freedom for the upper torso of the dummy. S22.4.2.11.1 The stature of the 3 year old child dummy is such that an upright standing posture is often possible. If additional height is required, the dummy is raised with the use of spacers (foam blocks, etc.) placed on the floor of the vehicle. S22.4.2.11.2 If necessary, the upper torso is tethered with a thread with a maximum breaking strength of 311 N (70 pounds). Care should be taken that any such tether is not situated in the air bag deployment envelope. S22.4.2.12 In calculation of the injury criteria as specified in paragraph S21.5, data are truncated prior to dummy interaction with vehicle components after the dummy's head is clear of the air bag. S22.4.3 Position 2. S22.4.3.1 Locate and mark the center point of the dummy's chest/rib plate (the vertical mid-point on the mid-sagittal plane of the frontal chest plate of the dummy). This will be referred to as "Point A." S22.4.3.2 Locate the point on the air bag module cover that is the geometric center of the air bag module cover. This will be referred to as "Point B." Locate the vertical plane which passes through Point B and is parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis. This will be referred to as "Plane 2." S22.4.3.3 Move the passenger seat to the full rearward seating position. S22.4.3.4 Place the dummy in the front passenger seat such that: S22.4.3.4.1 Point A is located in Plane 2. S22.4.3.4.2 A vertical plane through the shoulder joints of the dummy is at 90 degrees to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. S22.4.3.4.3 The lower legs are positioned 90 degrees (right angle) from horizontal. S22.4.3.4.4 The dummy is positioned forward in the seat such that the lower legs rest against the front of the seat and such that the dummy's upper spine plate is 0 degrees ± 2 degrees forward (toward front of vehicle) of the vertical position. Note: For some seats, it may not be possible to fully seat the dummy with the lower legs in the prescribed position. In this situation, rotate the lower legs forward until the dummy is resting on the seat with the feet positioned flat on the floorboard and the dummy's upper spine plate is 0 degrees ± 2 degrees forward (toward the front of vehicle) of the vertical position. S22.4.3.5 Move the seat forward, while maintaining the upper spine plate orientation until some portion of the dummy contacts the forward structure of the vehicle. S22.4.3.5.1 If contact has not been made with the forward structure of the vehicle at the full forward seating position of the seat, slide the dummy forward on the seat until contact is made. Maintain the upper spine plate orientation. S22.4.3.5.2 Once contact is made, rotate the dummy forward until the head and/or upper torso are in contact with the instrument panel of the vehicle. Rotation is achieved by applying a force towards the front of the vehicle on the spine of the dummy between the shoulder joints. S22.4.3.5.3 The upper legs are rotated downward and the lower legs and feet are rotated rearward (toward the rear of vehicle) so as not to impede the rotation of the head/torso into the forward structures of the vehicle. S22.4.3.5.4 The legs are repositioned so that the feet rest flat on (or parallel to) the floorboard with the ankle joint positioned as nearly as possible to the midsaggital plane of the dummy. S22.4.3.5.5 If necessary, the upper torso is tethered with a thread with a maximum breaking strength of 311 N (70 pounds) and/or wedge under the dummy's pelvis. Care should be taken that any such tether is not situated anywhere within the deployment envelope of the air bag. Note: If contact with the dash cannot be made by sliding the dummy forward in the seat, then place the dummy in the forward-most position on the seat which will allow the head/upper torso to rest against the instrument panel of the vehicle. S22.4.3.6 Position the upper arms parallel to the upper spine plate and rotate the lower arm forward sufficiently to prevent contact with or support from the seat. S22.4.3.7 In calculation of the injury criteria as specified in paragraph S21.5, data are truncated prior to dummy interaction with vehicle components after the dummy's head is clear of the air bag. S22.4.4 Deploy the right front passenger air bag system. If the air bag contains a multistage inflator, any stage is fired that may deploy in crashes below 32 km/h (20 mph) [the agency is also considering a range of speeds above and below this value], under the test procedure specified in S22.5. S22.4.5 Determine whether the injury criteria specified in S21.5 of this standard are met. S22.5 Test procedure for determining stages of air bags subject to low risk deployment test requirement. In the case of an air bag with a multistage inflator, any stage(s) that fire in any of the following tests are subject to the low risk deployment test requirement. S22.5.1 Rigid barrier test. Impact the vehicle traveling longitudinally forward at any speed, up to and including 32 km/h (20 mph) [the agency is also considering a range of speeds above and below this value], into a fixed collision barrier that is perpendicular to the line of travel of the vehicle, or at any angle up to 30 degrees from the perpendicular to the line of travel of the vehicle under the applicable conditions of S8 of this standard. S22.5.2 Offset frontal deformable barrier test. Impact the vehicle traveling longitudinally forward at any speed, up to and including 32 km/h (20 mph) [the agency is also considering a range of speeds above and below this value], into a fixed offset deformable barrier under the conditions specified in S18.2 of this standard. S22.5.3 Pole test. Impact the vehicle traveling longitudinally forward at any speed, up to and including 32 km/h (20 mph) [the agency is also considering a range of speeds above and below this value], into a fixed cylindrical pole with a diameter of 255 ± 15 mm (10 ± 0.6 inches), under the applicable conditions of S8 of this standard. The vehicle impact point is at any point on the front of the vehicle that is within the middle 80 percent of the width of the vehicle. S23 Requirements using 6 year old child dummies. S23.1 Each vehicle shall, at the option of the manufacturer, meet the requirements specified in S23.2, S23.3, or S23.4, under the test procedures specified in S24, except that, at the option of the manufacturer, the vehicle may instead meet the requirements specified in S27 or S29. S23.2 Option 1--Automatic suppression feature that always suppresses the air bag when a child is present. Each vehicle shall meet the requirements specified in S23.2.1 through S23.2.2. S23.2.1 The vehicle shall be equipped with an automatic suppression feature for the passenger air bag which results in deactivation of the air bag as part of each of the static tests specified in S24.2, activation of the air bag after each of the static tests (using a 5th percentile adult female dummy) specified in S20.3, deactivation of the air bag throughout the rough road tests (using a 6-year-old child dummy) specified in S24.3, and activation of the air bag throughout the rough road tests (using a 5th percentile adult female dummy) specified in S20.5. S23.2.2 The vehicle shall be equipped with a telltale light on the instrument panel meeting the requirements specified in S19.2.2. S23.3 Option 2--Automatic suppression feature that suppresses the air bag when an occupant is out of position. S23.3.1 The vehicle shall be equipped with an automatic suppression feature for the passenger air bag which meets the requirements specified in S27. S23.3.2 The vehicle shall be equipped with a telltale light on the instrument panel meeting the requirements specified in S19.2.2. S23.4 Option 3--Low risk deployment. Each vehicle shall meet the injury criteria specified in S23.5 of this standard when the passenger air bag is statically deployed in accordance with the procedures specified in S24 of this standard. S23.5 Injury criteria (Hybrid III 6-year old child dummy). S23.5.1 All portions of the test dummy shall be contained within the outer surfaces of the vehicle passenger compartment throughout the test. S23.5.2 The resultant acceleration at the center of gravity of the head shall be such that the expression: shall not exceed 1,000 where a is the resultant acceleration expressed as a multiple of g (the acceleration of gravity), and t1 and t2 are any two points in time during the crash of the vehicle which are separated by not more than a 36 millisecond time interval. [Proposed Alternative One--Chest includes requirements for chest acceleration (proposed S23.5.3), chest deflection (proposed S23.5.4) and Combined Thoracic Index (proposed S23.5.5; Proposed Alternative Two--Chest includes requirements for chest acceleration and chest deflection] S23.5.3 The resultant acceleration calculated from the output of the thoracic instrumentation shown in drawing [a drawing incorporated by reference in Part 572 would be identified in the final rule] shall not exceed 60 g's, except for intervals whose cumulative duration is not more than 3 milliseconds. S23.5.4 Compression deflection of the sternum relative to the spine, as determined by instrumentation [a drawing incorporated by reference in Part 572 would be identified in the final rule] shall not exceed 47 mm (l.9 inches). S23.5.5 Combined Thoracic Index (CTI) shall not exceed 1.0. The equation for calculating the CTI criterion is given by CTI = (Amax / Aint) + (Dmax / Dint) where Aint and Dint are intercept values defined as Aint = 85 g's for spine acceleration intercept, and Dint = 63 mm (2.5 in.) for sternal deflection intercept. Calculation of CTI requires measurement of upper spine triaxial acceleration filtered at SAE class 180 and sternal deflection filtered at SAE class 600. From the measured data, a 3-msec clip maximum value of the resultant spine acceleration (Amax) and the maximum chest deflection (Dmax) shall be determined. S23.5.6 [Proposed Alternative One--Neck] The biomechanical neck injury predictor, Nij, shall not exceed a value of [the agency is considering values of 1.4 and 1.0] at any point in time. The following procedure shall be used to compute Nij. The axial force (Fz) and flexion/extension moment about the occipital condyles (My) shall be used to calculate four combined injury predictors, collectively referred to as Nij. These four combined values represent the probability of sustaining each of four primary types of cervical injuries; namely tension-extension (NTE), tension-flexion (NTF), compression-extension (NCE), and compression-flexion (NCF) injuries. Axial force shall be filtered at SAE class 1000 and flexion/extension moment (My) shall be filtered at SAE class 600. Shear force, which shall be filtered at SAE class 600, is used only in conjunction with the measured moment to calculate the effective moment at the location of the occipital condyles. The equation for calculating the Nij criteria is given by Nij = (Fz / Fzc) + (My / Myc) where Fzc and Myc are critical values corresponding to: Fzc = 2900 N (652 lbf) for tension Fzc = 2900 N (652 lbf) for compression Myc = 125 Nm (92 lbf-ft) for flexion about occipital condyles Myc = 40 Nm (30 lbf-ft) for extension about occipital condyles Each of the four Nij values shall be calculated at each point in time, and all four values shall not exceed [the agency is considering values of 1.4 and 1.0] at any point in time. When calculating NTE and NTF, all compressive loads shall be set to zero. Similarly, when calculating NCE and NCF, all tensile loads shall be set to zero. In a similar fashion, when calculating NTE and NCE, all flexion moments shall be set to zero. Likewise, when calculating NTF and NCF, all extension moments shall be set to zero. [Proposed Alternative Two--Neck] Neck injury criteria. Using the six axis upper neck load cell [a drawing incorporated by reference in Part 572 would be identified in the final rule] that is mounted between the bottom of the skull and the top of the neck as shown in drawing [a drawing incorporated by reference in Part 572 would be identified in the final rule], the peak forces and moments measured at the occipital condyles shall not exceed: Axial Tension = 1490 N (335 lbf) Axial Compression = 1800 N (405 lbf) Fore-and-Aft Shear = 1400 N (315 lbf) Flexion Bending Moment = 57 Nm ( 42 lbf-ft) Extension Bending Moment = 17 Nm (13 lbf-ft) SAE Class 1000 shall be used to filter the axial tension, axial compression, and fore-and-aft shear. SAE Class 600 shall be used to filter the measured moment and fore-and-aft shear used to compute the flexion bending moment and extension bending moment at the occipital condyles. S24 Test procedure for S23. S24.2 Static tests of automatic suppression feature which must result in deactivation of the passenger air bag. S24.2.1 Except as provided in S24.2.2, all tests specified in S22 using the 3-year-old Hybrid III child dummy are conducted using the 6-year old Hybrid III child dummy. However, for tests specifying the use of a forward-facing child seat or booster seat any such seat recommended for a child weighing 52 pounds is used instead of a seat recommended for a child weighing 34 pounds. S24.2.2 Exceptions. S24.2.2.1 The tests specified in the following paragraphs of S22 are not conducted using the 6-year-old Hybrid III child dummy: S22.2.2.2(f), (g), (h), (i), (j), (k), (l) and (m). S24.2.2.2 The test specified in S22.2.2.2(o) is conducted using the 6-year-old Hybrid III child dummy. However, in positioning the 6-year-old child dummy, the following procedures are used in place of those specified in S22.2.2.2(o)(7) and (8): (1) Center the dummy laterally so that Point A is coincident with Plane 2 and the upper spine plate is 6 degrees ± 2 degrees forward of the vertical position. (2) With the use of spacers (wooden blocks, etc.) position the dummy in a seated position with the H-point located 230 mm (9 inches) ± 15 mm (0.6 inches) above the floor of the vehicle. Maintain the upper spine plate orientation. S24.3 Road tests of automatic suppression feature, during which the passenger air bag must be deactivated. All tests specified in S22 using the 3-year-old Hybrid III child dummy are conducted using the 6-year old Hybrid III child dummy. S24.4 Low risk deployment test (Hybrid III 6-year old child dummy). S24.4.1 Position the dummy according to any of the following positions: Position 1 (S24.4.2) or Position 2 (S24.4.3). S24.4.2 Position 1. S24.4.2.1 Locate and mark the center point of the dummy's rib cage or sternum plate (the vertical mid-point on the mid-sagittal plane of the frontal chest plate of the dummy). This will be referred to as "Point A." S24.4.2.2 Locate the point on the air bag module cover that is the geometric center of the air bag module cover. This will be referred to as "Point B." S24.4.2.3 Locate the horizontal plane that passes through Point B. This will be referred to as "Plane 1." S24.4.2.4 Locate the vertical plane parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis and passing through Point B. This will be referred to as "Plane 2." S24.4.2.5 Move the passenger seat to the full rearward track seating position. Place the seat back in the nominal upright position as specified by the vehicle manufacturer. S24.4.2.6 Place the dummy in the front passenger seat such that: S24.4.2.6.1 Point A is located in Plane 2. S24.4.2.6.2 A vertical plane through the dummy shoulder joints is at 90 degrees to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. S24.4.2.6.3 The lower legs are positioned 90 degrees ± 2 degrees to the upper legs. S24.4.2.6.4 The dummy is positioned forward in the seat such that the dummy's upper spine plate is 6 degrees ± 2 degrees forward (toward front of vehicle) of the vertical position, and the lower legs rest against the front of the seat or the feet are resting flat on the floorboard of the vehicle. S24.4.2.6.5 Mark this position, and remove the legs at the pelvic interface. S24.4.2.7 Move the dummy forward until the upper torso or head of the dummy makes contact with the forward structure of the vehicle. S24.4.2.8 Once contact is made, as outlined in paragraph S24.4.2.7, the dummy is then raised vertically until Point A lies within Plane 1 (the vertical height to the center of the air bag) or until a minimum clearance of 6 mm (0.25 inches) between the dummy head and windshield is attained. S24.4.2.9 Position the upper arms parallel to the spine and rotate the lower arm forward (at the elbow joint) sufficiently to prevent contact with or support from the seat. S24.4.2.10 Support the dummy so that there is minimum interference with the full rotational and translational freedom for the upper torso of the dummy. S24.4.2.10.1 If necessary, the upper torso is tethered with a thread with a maximum breaking strength of 311 N (70 pounds). Care should be taken that any such tether is not situated in air bag deployment envelope. S24.4.2.11 In calculation of the injury criteria as specified in paragraph S23.5, data are truncated prior to dummy interaction with vehicle components after the dummy's head is clear of the air bag. S24.4.3 Position 2. S24.4.3.1 Locate and mark the center point of the dummy's chest/rib plate (the vertical mid-point on the mid-sagittal plane of the frontal chest plate of the dummy). This will be referred to as "Point A." S24.4.3.2 Locate the point on the air bag module cover that is the geometric center of the air bag module cover. This will be referred to as "Point B." Locate the vertical plane which passes through Point B and is parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis. This will be referred to as "Plane 2." S24.4.3.3 Move the passenger seat to the full rearward seating position. S24.4.3.4 Place the dummy in the front passenger seat such that: S24.4.3.4.1 Point A is located in Plane 2. S24.4.3.4.2 A vertical plane through the shoulder joints of the dummy is at 90 degrees to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. S24.4.3.4.3 The lower legs are positioned 90 degrees (right angle) from horizontal. S24.4.3.4.4 The dummy is positioned forward in the seat such that the lower legs rest against the front of the seat and such that the dummy's upper spine plate is 6 degrees ± 2 degrees forward (toward front of vehicle) of the vertical position. Note: For some seats, it may not be possible to fully seat the dummy with the lower legs in the prescribed position. In this situation, rotate the lower legs forward until the dummy is resting on the seat with the feet positioned flat on the floorboard and the dummy's upper spine plate is 6 degrees ± 2 degrees forward (toward front of vehicle) of the vertical position. S24.4.3.5 Move the seat forward, while maintaining the upper spine plate orientation until some portion of the dummy contacts the forward structure of the vehicle. S24.4.3.5.1 If contact has not been made with the forward structure of the vehicle at the full forward seating position of the seat, slide the dummy forward on the seat until contact is made. Maintain the upper spine plate orientation. S24.4.3.5.2 Once contact is made, rotate the dummy forward until the head and/or upper torso are in contact with the dashboard of the vehicle. Rotation is achieved by applying a force towards the front of the vehicle on the spine of the dummy between the shoulder joints. S24.4.3.5.3 The lower legs and feet are rotated rearward (toward rear of vehicle) so as not to impede the rotation of the head/torso into the forward structures of the vehicle. S24.4.3.5.4 The legs are repositioned so that the feet rest flat on (or parallel to) the floorboard with the ankle joint positioned as nearly as possible to the midsaggital plane of the dummy. S24.4.3.5.5 If necessary, the upper torso is tethered with a thread with a maximum breaking strength of 311 N (70 pounds) and/or wedge under the dummy's pelvis. Care should be taken that any such tether is not situated anywhere within the deployment envelope of the air bag. Note: If contact with the dash cannot be made by sliding the dummy forward in the seat, then place the dummy in the forward-most position on the seat which will allow the head/upper torso to rest against the dashboard of the vehicle. S24.4.3.6 Position the upper arms parallel to the torso and rotate the lower arm forward sufficiently to prevent contact with or support from the seat. S24.4.3.7 In calculation of the injury criteria as specified in paragraph S23.5 of this standard, data are truncated prior to dummy interaction with vehicle components after the dummy's head is clear of the air bag. S24.4.4 Deploy the right front passenger air bag system. If the air bag contains a multistage inflator, any stage is fired that may deploy in crashes below 32 km/h (20 mph) [the agency is also considering a range of speeds above and below this value], under the test procedure specified in S22.5 of this standard. S24.4.5 Determine whether the injury criteria specified in S23.5 of this standard are met. S25 Requirements using an out-of-position 5th percentile adult female dummy at the driver position. S25.1 Each vehicle shall, at the option of the manufacturer, meet the requirements specified in S25.2 or S25.3 of this standard, under the test procedures specified in S26 of this standard, except that, at the option of the manufacturer, the vehicle may instead meet the requirements specified in S29 of this standard. S25.2 Option 1--Automatic suppression feature. Each vehicle shall meet the requirements specified in S25.2.1 through S25.2.3. S25.2.1 The vehicle shall be equipped with an automatic suppression feature for the driver air bag which results in deactivation of the air bag after each of the static tests (using a 5th percentile adult female dummy) specified in S26.2 and activation of the air bag after each of the static tests specified in S26.3 of this standard. S25.2.2 The vehicle shall be equipped with an automatic suppression feature for the driver air bag which meets the requirements specified in S27 of this standard. S25.2.3 The vehicle shall be equipped with a telltale light on the instrument panel which is illuminated whenever the driver air bag is deactivated and not illuminated whenever the driver air bag is activated. The telltale: (a) Shall be clearly visible from all front seating positions; (b) Shall be yellow; (c) Shall have the identifying words "DRIVER AIR BAG OFF" on the telltale or within 25 mm (1 inch) of the telltale; and (d) Shall not be combined with the readiness indicator required by S4.5.2 of this standard. S25.3 Option 2--Low risk deployment. Each vehicle shall meet the injury criteria specified in S15.3 of this standard when the passenger air bag is statically deployed in accordance with the procedures specified in S26 of this standard. S26 Test procedure for S25 of this standard. S26.1 General provisions. Tests are conducted with the engine operating. S26.2 Static tests of automatic suppression feature which must result in deactivation of the driver air bag. S26.2.1 Place the 5th percentile adult female dummy in the driver seating position. Position the dummy, the seat, and the steering wheel according to any of the following specifications: (a) The specifications set forth in S26.4 for Driver Position 1; (b) The specifications set forth in S26.4 for Driver Position 2. S26.2.2 Close all vehicle doors. S26.2.3 Monitor telltale light to check whether the air bag is deactivated, i.e., the light must be illuminated. S26.3 Static tests of automatic suppression feature which must result in activation of the driver air bag. S26.3.1 Test one--5th percentile adult female dummy. S26.3.1.1 Place the driver seat in any position, i.e., any seat track location, any seat height, any seat back angle. S26.3.1.2 Place a Part 572 5th percentile adult female test dummy at the driver seating position of a vehicle in any of the following positions (if the dummy's hands cannot reach the steering wheel for a particular seat location, the arms and hands are positioned alongside the side of dummy): (a) In accordance with procedures specified in S16.3 of this standard, to the extent possible with the seat position that has been selected; (b) In the same position as specified in S26.3.1.2(a) of this standard, except that the right arm is gripped to the steering wheel at any position; (c) In the same position as specified in S26.3.1.2(a) of this standard, except that the left arm is gripped to the steering wheel at any position; (d) In the same position as specified in S26.3.1.2(a) of this standard, except that the right and left arms are gripped to the steering wheel at any position. S26.3.1.3 Close all vehicle doors. S26.3.1.4 Monitor the telltale light to check whether the air bag is activated, i.e., the light must be off. S26.3.2 Test two--50th percentile adult male dummy. S26.3.2.1 Place the driver seat in any position, i.e., any seat track location, any seat height, any seat back angle. S26.3.2.2 Place a Part 572 Hybrid III 50th percentile adult male test dummy at the driver seating position of a vehicle in any of the following positions (if the dummy's hands cannot reach the steering wheel for a particular seat location, the arms and hands are positioned alongside the side of dummy): (a) In accordance with procedures specified in S10 of this standard, to the extent possible with the seat position that has been selected; (b) In the same position as specified in S26.3.2.2(a) of this standard, except that the right arm is gripped to the steering wheel at any position; (c) In the same position as specified in S26.3.2.2(a) of this standard, except that the left arm is gripped to the steering wheel at any position; (d) In the same position as specified in S26.3.2.2(a) of this standard, except that the right and left arms are gripped to the steering wheel at any position. S26.3.2.3 Close all vehicle doors. S26.3.2.4 Monitor the telltale light to check whether the air bag is activated, i.e., the light must be off. S26.4 Low risk deployment test. S26.4.1 Position the dummy according to any of the following positions: Driver position 1 (S26.4.2) or Driver position 2 (S26.4.3). S26.4.2 Driver position 1. 26.4.2.1 Adjust steering controls so that the steering wheel hub is at the geometric center of the locus it describes when it is moved through its full range of driving positions. If there is no setting at the geometric center, position it one setting lower than the geometric center. S26.4.2.2 Locate the point on the air bag module cover that is the geometric center of the steering wheel. This will be referred to as "Point B." S26.4.2.3 Locate and mark the center point of the dummy's rib cage or sternum plate (the vertical mid-point on the mid-sagittal plane of the frontal chest plate of the dummy). This will be referred to as "Point A." S26.4.2.4 Locate the horizontal plane that passes through Point B. This will be referred to as "Plane 1." S26.4.2.5 Locate the vertical plane perpendicular to Plane 1 and parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis which passes through Point B. This will be referred to as "Plane 2." S26.4.2.6 Place the dummy in the front driver seat so that: (a) Point A is located in Plane 2. (b) Seat position is adjusted during placement to obtain the correct dummy orientation. S26.4.2.7 The dummy is rotated forward until the dummy's upper spine plate angle is 6 degrees ± 2 degrees forward (toward the front of the vehicle) of the steering wheel angle. S26.4.2.8 The height of the dummy is then adjusted so that the bottom of the chin is in the same horizontal plane as the top of the module cover (dummy height can be adjusted using the seat position and/or spacer blocks). If seat height prevents the bottom of chin from being in the same horizontal plane as the module cover, the dummy height is adjusted as close to the prescribed position as possible. S26.4.2.9 Move dummy forward maintaining upper spine plate angle and dummy height until head or torso contact the steering wheel. S26.4.2.10 If necessary, a thread with a maximum breaking strength of 311 N (70 pounds) is used to hold the dummy against the steering wheel. The thread is positioned so as to eliminate or minimize any contact with the deploying air bag. S26.4.2.11 In calculation of the injury criteria as specified in paragraph S15.3, data are truncated prior to dummy interaction with vehicle components after the dummy's head is clear of the air bag. S26.4.3 Driver Position 2. S26.4.3.1 The driver's seat track is not specified and may be positioned to best facilitate the positioning of the dummy. S26.4.3.2 Locate the point on the air bag module cover that is the geometric center of the steering wheel. This will be referred to as "Point B." S26.4.3.3 Locate and mark the center point of the dummy's rib cage or sternum plate (the vertical mid-point on the mid-sagittal plane of the frontal chest plate of the dummy). This will be referred to as "Point A." S26.4.3.4 Locate the horizontal plane that passes through Point B. This will be referred to as "Plane 1." S26.4.3.5 Locate the vertical plane perpendicular to Plane 1 which passes through Point B. This will be referred to as "Plane 2." S26.4.3.6 Place the dummy in the front driver seat so that: (a) Point A is located in Plane 2. (b) Seat position is adjusted during placement to obtain the correct dummy orientation. S26.4.3.7 The dummy is rotated forward until the dummy's upper spine plate is 6 degrees ± 2 degrees forward (toward the front of the vehicle) of the steering wheel angle. S26.4.3.8 The dummy is positioned so that the center of the chin is in contact with the uppermost portion of the rim of the steering wheel. The chin is not hooked over the top of the rim of the steering wheel. It is positioned to rest on the upper edge of the rim, without loading the neck. If the dummy head interferes with the vehicle upper interior before the prescribed position can be obtained, the dummy height is adjusted as close to the prescribed position as possible, while maintaining a 10 ±2 mm clearance with the vehicle upper interior. S26.4.3.9 To raise the height of the dummy to attain the required positioning, spacer blocks (foam, etc.) are placed on the driver's seat beneath the dummy. If necessary, a thread with a maximum breaking strength of 311 N (70 pounds) is used to hold the dummy against the steering wheel. The thread is positioned so as to eliminate or minimize any contact with the deploying air bag. S26.4.3.10 In calculation of the injury criteria as specified in paragraph S15.3 of this standard, data are truncated prior to dummy interaction with vehicle components after the dummy's head is clear of the air bag. S26.4.4 Deploy the driver air bag. If the air bag contains a multistage inflator, any stage is fired that may deploy in crashes below 32 km/h (20 mph) [the agency is also considering a range of speeds above and below this value], under the test procedure specified in S22.5 of this standard. S26.4.5 Determine whether the injury criteria specified in S15.3 of this standard are met. S27 Option for automatic suppression feature that suppresses the air bag when an occupant is out-of-position. S27.1 Each vehicle shall, at each front outboard designated seating position, when tested under the conditions of S28 of this standard, comply with the requirements specified in S27.2.1(a) and S27.2.2(a) of this standard at the target locations specified in S28.3 of this standard when tested using the out of position occupant simulator described in S28.2 of this standard at any speed up to and including 11 km/h (7 mph). Each vehicle shall, in addition, meet the requirements specified in S27.1.1(b) and S27.2.2(b) of this standard using the specified test dummies. If a manufacturer selects this option, it shall select the passenger side automatic suppression plane (S28.7.1 of this standard) and the driver side automatic suppression plane (S28.7.2 of this standard) by the time of certification of the vehicle and may not thereafter select different planes. S27.2 Performance Criterion. S27.2.1 Passenger Side. (a) The air bag disabling device shall deactivate the passenger side air bag and illuminate a telltale within 10 ms after any portion of the out of position occupant simulator passes through the vertical plane specified in S28.7.1 of this standard. (b) The injury criteria specified in S21.5 of this standard shall be met when the passenger side air bag is deployed toward the Hybrid III 3-year-old child dummy when that test device is located in any position where all portions of the head, neck and torso of the dummy are tangent to or behind the air bag suppression plane. If the air bag contains a multistage inflator, any stage is fired. S27.2.2 Driver Side. (a) The air bag disabling device shall deactivate the driver side air bag and illuminate a telltale within 10 ms after any portion of the out of position occupant simulator passes through the plane specified in S28.7.2 of this standard. (b) The injury criteria specified in S15.3 of this standard shall be met when the driver side air bag is deployed toward the Hybrid III 5th percentile adult female dummy when that test device is located in any position where all portions of the head, neck and torso of the dummy are tangent to or behind the air bag suppression plane. If the air bag contains a multistage inflator, any stage is fired. S28 Test procedure for S27 of this standard. S28.1 Target location and test conditions. The vehicle shall be tested and the target areas specified in S28.3 of this standard located under the following conditions. S28.1.1 Vehicle test attitude. (a) The vehicle is supported off its suspension at an attitude determined in accordance with S28.1.1(b). (b) Directly above each wheel opening, determine the vertical distance between a level surface and a standard reference point on the test vehicle's body under the conditions of S28.1.1(b)(1) through S28.1.1(b)(2). (1) The vehicle is loaded to its unloaded vehicle weight. (2) All tires are inflated to the manufacturer's specifications listed on the vehicle's tire placard. S28.1.2 Windows and Sunroofs. (a) Movable vehicle windows, including sunroofs, are placed in the fully open position. (b) Any window rearward of the B-pillar and any window on the opposite side of the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle from the target area may be removed. S28.1.3 Convertible tops. The top, if any, of convertibles and open-body type vehicles is in the closed passenger compartment configuration. S28.1.4 Doors. (a) The front side door on the same side of the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle as the target area is fully closed and latched but not locked. (b) The front side door on the opposite side of the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle from the target area, and any door rearward of the B-pillar, including rear hatchbacks or tailgates, may be open or removed. S28.1.5 Steering wheel and seats. (a) The steering wheel may be placed in any position intended for use while the vehicle is in motion. (b) The seats may be removed from the vehicle unless removal will impair operation of the air bag disabling system. S28.2 Out-of-Position Occupant Simulator. The out of position occupant simulator used for testing is a hemisphere, with a diameter of 165 mm (6.5 inches) ± 5 mm (0.2 inch). S28.3 Occupant Simulator Aiming Zone. The occupant simulator aiming zone is determined according to the following procedure. (See Figures 8 and 9.) S28.3.1 Passenger Side. (a) Locate the geometric center of the passenger side air bag cover. Identify this point as Point P. (b) Locate the line that connects Point P and CG-F (for the front outboard passenger position) as described in S28.4(a). Identify this line as Line P. (c) Locate a circle with a diameter of 500 mm ± 5 mm (20 inches ± 0.2 inch) centered on Line P on the plane described in S28.7.1. Identify this circle as Circle T. (d) Locate a transverse horizontal plane (Plane 1) 100 mm ± 5 mm (4 inches ± 0.2 inch) below the transverse horizontal plane tangent to the lower edge of the air bag cover. (e) The area of the vehicle to be targeted by the out of position occupant simulator is that area of Circle T within the vehicle above the intersection of Plane 1 and the plane described in S28.7.1 of this standard. S28.3.2 Driver Side. (a) Locate the geometric center of the driver side air bag cover. Identify this point as Point D. (b) Locate the line that connects Point D and CG-F (for the driver position) as described in S28.4(a) of this standard. Identify this line as Line D. (c) Locate a circle with a diameter of 500 mm ± 5 mm (20 inches ± 0.2 inch) centered on Line D on the plane described in S28.7.2. Identify this circle as Circle U. (d) Locate a transverse horizontal plane (Plane 2) tangent to the lower edge of the air bag cover. (e) The area of the vehicle to be targeted by the out of position occupant simulator is that area of Circle U within the vehicle above the intersection of Plane 2 and the plane described in S28.7.2 of this standard. S28.4 Location of head center of gravity for front outboard designated seating positions (CG-F). For determination of head center of gravity, all directions are in reference to the seat orientation. (a) Location of CG-F. For front outboard designated seating positions, the head center of gravity with the seat in its rearmost adjustment position (CG-F2) is located 160 mm ± 5 mm (6.3 inches ± 0.2 inch) rearward and 660 mm ± 15 mm (26 inches ± 0.6 inch) upward from the seating reference point. S28.5 Test configuration. (a) Passenger Side. The out of position occupant simulator is guided along a velocity vector originating at any point within the vehicle to any point within the target area specified in S28.3.1(e) of this standard, and passing through the plane described in S28.7.1 of this standard. (b) Driver Side. The out of position occupant simulator is guided along a velocity vector originating at any point within the vehicle to any point within the target area specified in S28.3.2(e) of this standard, and passing through the plane described in S28.7.2 of this standard. S28.6 Multiple tests. A vehicle being tested may be tested multiple times. S28.7 Automatic suppression plane. S28.7.1 Passenger Side. The automatic suppression plane of a vehicle is the transverse vertical plane passing through the rearmost point at which the Hybrid III three year old child dummy test device may approach the passenger side air bag when it deploys while meeting the injury criteria specified in S21.5 of this standard. If the air bag contains a multistage inflator, any stage is fired. S28.7.2 Driver Side. The automatic suppression plane of a vehicle is located as follows: (a) Locate the plane A tangent to the rear face of the steering wheel rim. (b) Locate the plane B parallel to plane A and passing through the geometric center of the air bag cover. (c) The automatic suppression plane is a plane parallel to plane B and passing through the point nearest to plane B where any portion of a 5th percentile adult female dummy may be located in the event of air bag deployment and meet the injury criteria specified in S15.3 of this standard. If the air bag contains a multistage inflator, any stage is fired. S29 Dynamic out-of-position test option. At the option of the vehicle manufacturer, a pre-impact deceleration test as specified in S30, may be used in place of the tests specified in S21, S23, and S25 of this section. Each vehicle shall, at each front outboard designated seating position, meet the injury criteria specified in S15.3, S21.5, and S23.5, and the vehicle integrity criteria specified in S14.3, in accordance with the test procedures specified in S30 of this standard. S30 Test procedure for pre-crash deceleration impact test. S30.1 General Provisions. The vehicle is impacted into a rigid barrier, perpendicular to the barrier face as follows. Place a Part 572 5th percentile adult female test dummy at the driver seating position and any of the following test dummies at the right front designated seating position: a Hybrid III 3-year-old child dummy or a Hybrid III 6-year old child dummy. The manual safety belts are not to be fastened in any position. Accelerate the vehicle to a velocity of 32 km/h (20 mph) [the agency is also considering a range of speeds above and below this value] and then decelerate the vehicle such that the vehicle achieves a barrier impact speed of 24 km ± 2 km (15 mph ± 1 mph) [the agency is also considering a range of speeds above and below this value] at impact. The deceleration is initiated 2.1 meters ± 200 mm (7 ft ± 0.66 ft) from the impact barrier. S30.2 Test Conditions. S30.2.1 Pre-crash Deceleration Impact Conditions. Impact a vehicle traveling longitudinally and decelerating to a speed of 24 km/h ± 2 km/h (15 mph ±1 mph) [the agency is also considering a range of values above and below this value], into a fixed collision barrier that is perpendicular to the line of travel of the vehicle. S30.2.2 Loading. The vehicle, including the test devices and instrumentation, is loaded as specified in S16.2 of this standard. S30.2.3 Dummy Seating and positioning. The 5th percentile adult female dummy is seated and positioned as specified in S16.3 of this standard, except that prior to seating the dummy, two pieces of low friction material, i.e., a silk or acetate cloth material having a 75 denier warp and a 150 denier filling, and a 225 count with a 68 pick, having linear dimensions no less than 60 cm (23.6 inches) by 60 cm (23.6 inches), are placed on the seat. If the Hybrid III 3-year-old child dummy is used at the right front designated seating position, it is seated and positioned as specified in S30.2.3.1 of this standard. If the Hybrid III 6-year-old child dummy is used at the right front designated seating position, it is seated and positioned as specified in S30.2.3.2 of this standard. S30.2.3.1 Seating procedure for Hybrid III 3-year-old child dummy. S30.2.3.1.1 The passenger side automatic suppression plane of a vehicle is that specified in S28.7.1. S30.2.3.1.2 Place two pieces of low friction material, i.e., a silk or acetate cloth material having a 75 denier warp and a 150 denier filling, and a 225 count with a 68 pick, having linear dimensions no less than 60 cm (23.6 inches) by 60 cm (23.6 inches), on the seat. S30.2.3.1.3 Locate and mark the center point of the dummy's chest/rib plate. (The vertical mid-point on the mid-sagittal plane of the frontal chest plate of the dummy). This will be referred to as "Point A". S30.2.3.1.4 Locate the point on the air bag module cover that is the geometric center of the air bag module cover. This will be referred to as "Point B". Locate the vertical plane which passes through Point B and is parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis. This will be referred to as "Plane 2". S30.2.3.1.5 Move the passenger seat to the full rearward seating position. S30.2.3.1.6 Place the Hybrid III 3-year-old child dummy in the front passenger seat, on the low friction fabric sheets, such that: (a) Point A is to be located in Plane 2. (b) A vertical plane through the shoulder joints of the dummy shall be at 90 degrees to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. (c) The lower legs are positioned 90 degrees ± 2 degrees (right angle) from horizontal. (d) The dummy is positioned forward in the seat such the lower legs rest against the front of the seat and such that the dummy's upper spine plate is 0 degrees ± 2 degrees forward (toward front of vehicle) of the vertical position. Note: For some seats, it may not be possible to fully seat the dummy with the lower legs in the prescribed position. In this situation, rotate the lower legs forward until the dummy is resting on the seat with the feet positioned flat on the floorboard and the dummy's upper spine plate is 0 degrees ± 2 degrees forward (toward front of vehicle) of the vertical position. S30.2.3.1.7 Move the seat forward, while maintaining the upper spine plate orientation until the seat is in the full forward seating position or any part of the head or torso of the dummy intersects a plane parallel to the Automatic Suppression Plane, located 300 mm ± 15 mm (12 inches ± 0.6 inch) rearward of the Automatic Suppression Plane, whichever occurs first. S30.2.3.1.8 The legs should be repositioned so that the feet rest flat on (or parallel to) the floorboard with the ankle joint positioned as nearly as possible to the medial plane of the dummy. S30.2.3.1.9 If necessary, the upper torso can be tethered with a thread with a maximum breaking strength of 311 N (70 pounds) and/or wedge under dummy's pelvis. Care should be taken that any such tether is not situated anywhere within the deployment envelope of the air bag. S30.2.3.1.10 Position the upper arms parallel to the upper spine plate and rotate the lower arm forward sufficiently to prevent contact with or support from the seat. S30.2.3.1.11 Sufficient slack should be maintained in the instrumentation wiring harness so that the dummy motion is not restricted by the harness. S30.2.3.2 Seating procedure for Hybrid III 6-year-old child dummy. S30.2.3.2.1 The passenger side automatic suppression plane of a vehicle is that specified in S28.7.1. S30.2.3.2.2 Place two pieces of low friction material, i.e., a silk or acetate cloth material having a 75 denier warp and a 150 denier filling, and a 225 count with a 68 pick, having linear dimensions no less than 60 cm (23.6 inches) by 60 cm (23.6 inches), on the seat. S30.2.3.2.3 Locate and mark the center point of the dummy's chest/rib plate. (The vertical mid-point on the mid-sagittal plane of the frontal chest plate of the dummy). This will be referred to as "Point A". S30.2.3.2.4 Locate the point on the air bag module cover that is the geometric center of the air bag module cover. This will be referred to as "Point B". Locate the vertical plane which passes through Point B and is parallel to the vehicle longitudinal axis. This will be referred to as "Plane 2". S30.2.3.2.5 Move the passenger seat to the full rearward seating position. S30.2.3.2.6 Place the dummy in the front passenger seat, on the low friction fabric sheets, such that: (a) Point A is to be located in Plane 2. (b) A vertical plane through the shoulder joints of the dummy shall be at 90 degrees ± 2 degrees to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. (c) The lower legs are positioned 90 degrees ± 2 degrees (right angle) from horizontal. (d) The dummy is positioned forward in the seat such the lower legs rest against the front of the seat and such that the dummy's upper spine plate is 6 degrees ± 2 degrees forward (toward front of vehicle) of the vertical position. Note: For some seats, it may not be possible to fully seat the dummy with the lower legs in the prescribed position. In this situation, rotate the lower legs forward until the dummy is resting on the seat with the feet positioned flat on the floorboard and the dummy's upper spine plate is 6 degrees ± 2 degrees forward (toward front of vehicle) of the vertical position. S30.2.3.2.7 Move the seat forward, while maintaining the upper spine plate orientation until the seat is in the full forward seating position or any part of the head or torso of the dummy intersects a plane parallel to the Automatic Suppression Plane, located 300 mm ± 15 mm (12 inches ± 0.6 inch) rearward of the Automatic Suppression Plane, whichever occurs first. S30.2.3.2.8 The legs should be repositioned so that the feet rest flat on (or parallel to) the floorboard with the ankle joint positioned as nearly as possible to the midsagittal plane of the dummy. S30.2.3.2.9 If necessary, the upper torso can be tethered with a thread with a maximum breaking strength of 311 N (70 pounds) and/or wedge under dummy's pelvis. Care should be taken that any such tether is not situated anywhere within the deployment envelope of the air bag. S30.2.3.2.10 Position the upper arms parallel to the upper spine plate and rotate the lower arm forward sufficiently to prevent contact with or support from the seat. S30.2.3.2.11 Sufficient slack should be maintained in the instrumentation wiring harness so that the dummy motion is not restricted by the harness. S30.2.4 Impact configuration. The vehicle is accelerated to a speed of 32 km/h ± 2 km/h (20 mph ± 1.3 mph) [the agency is also considering a range of val